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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <meta name="nodejs.org:node-version" content="v16.20.2"> <title>Path | Node.js v16.20.2 Documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic&display=fallback"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/style.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/hljs.css"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nodejs.org/api/path.html"> <script async defer src="assets/api.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </head> <body class="alt apidoc" id="api-section-path"> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <div id="column2" class="interior"> <div id="intro" class="interior"> <a href="/" title="Go back to the home page"> Node.js </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="documentation.html" class="nav-documentation">About this documentation</a></li> <li><a href="synopsis.html" class="nav-synopsis">Usage and example</a></li> </ul> <hr class="line"> <ul> 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</ul> <hr class="line"> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node" class="nav-https-github-com-nodejs-node">Code repository and issue tracker</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="column1" data-id="path" class="interior"> <header class="header"> <div class="header-container"> <h1>Node.js v16.20.2 documentation</h1> <button class="theme-toggle-btn" id="theme-toggle-btn" title="Toggle dark mode/light mode" aria-label="Toggle dark mode/light mode" hidden> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon dark-icon" height="24" width="24"> <path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M11.1 12.08c-2.33-4.51-.5-8.48.53-10.07C6.27 2.2 1.98 6.59 1.98 12c0 .14.02.28.02.42.62-.27 1.29-.42 2-.42 1.66 0 3.18.83 4.1 2.15A4.01 4.01 0 0111 18c0 1.52-.87 2.83-2.12 3.51.98.32 2.03.5 3.11.5 3.5 0 6.58-1.8 8.37-4.52-2.36.23-6.98-.97-9.26-5.41z"/> <path d="M7 16h-.18C6.4 14.84 5.3 14 4 14c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3h3c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2z"/> </svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 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<li><a href="#pathdirnamepath"><code>path.dirname(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathextnamepath"><code>path.extname(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathformatpathobject"><code>path.format(pathObject)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathisabsolutepath"><code>path.isAbsolute(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathjoinpaths"><code>path.join([...paths])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathnormalizepath"><code>path.normalize(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathparsepath"><code>path.parse(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathposix"><code>path.posix</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathrelativefrom-to"><code>path.relative(from, to)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathresolvepaths"><code>path.resolve([...paths])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathsep"><code>path.sep</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathtonamespacedpathpath"><code>path.toNamespacedPath(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathwin32"><code>path.win32</code></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div></div> </li> <li 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href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v17.x/api/path.html">17.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v16.x/api/path.html">16.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v15.x/api/path.html">15.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v14.x/api/path.html">14.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v13.x/api/path.html">13.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v12.x/api/path.html">12.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v11.x/api/path.html">11.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v10.x/api/path.html">10.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v9.x/api/path.html">9.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v8.x/api/path.html">8.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v7.x/api/path.html">7.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v6.x/api/path.html">6.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v5.x/api/path.html">5.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v4.x/api/path.html">4.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.12.x/api/path.html">0.12.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.10.x/api/path.html">0.10.x</a></li></ol></div> </li> <li class="picker-header"> <a href="#"> <span class="collapsed-arrow">►</span><span class="expanded-arrow">▼</span> Options </a> <div class="picker"> <ul> <li> <a href="all.html">View on single page</a> </li> <li> <a href="path.json">View as JSON</a> </li> <li class="edit_on_github"><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/edit/main/doc/api/path.md">Edit on GitHub</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <hr> </header> <details id="toc" open><summary>Table of contents</summary><ul> <li><span class="stability_2"><a href="#path">Path</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="#windows-vs-posix">Windows vs. POSIX</a></li> <li><a href="#pathbasenamepath-suffix"><code>path.basename(path[, suffix])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathdelimiter"><code>path.delimiter</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathdirnamepath"><code>path.dirname(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathextnamepath"><code>path.extname(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathformatpathobject"><code>path.format(pathObject)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathisabsolutepath"><code>path.isAbsolute(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathjoinpaths"><code>path.join([...paths])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathnormalizepath"><code>path.normalize(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathparsepath"><code>path.parse(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathposix"><code>path.posix</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathrelativefrom-to"><code>path.relative(from, to)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathresolvepaths"><code>path.resolve([...paths])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathsep"><code>path.sep</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathtonamespacedpathpath"><code>path.toNamespacedPath(path)</code></a></li> <li><a href="#pathwin32"><code>path.win32</code></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></details> <div id="apicontent"> <h2>Path<span><a class="mark" href="#path" id="path">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path"></a></h2> <p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_2"><a href="documentation.html#stability-index">Stability: 2</a> - Stable</div><p></p> <p><strong>Source Code:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v16.20.2/lib/path.js">lib/path.js</a></p> <p>The <code>node:path</code> module provides utilities for working with file and directory paths. It can be accessed using:</p> <pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> path = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'node:path'</span>);</code></pre> <section><h3>Windows vs. POSIX<span><a class="mark" href="#windows-vs-posix" id="windows-vs-posix">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_windows_vs_posix"></a></h3> <p>The default operation of the <code>node:path</code> module varies based on the operating system on which a Node.js application is running. Specifically, when running on a Windows operating system, the <code>node:path</code> module will assume that Windows-style paths are being used.</p> <p>So using <code>path.basename()</code> might yield different results on POSIX and Windows:</p> <p>On POSIX:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\temp\\myfile.html'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'C:\\temp\\myfile.html'</span></code></pre> <p>On Windows:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\temp\\myfile.html'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'myfile.html'</span></code></pre> <p>To achieve consistent results when working with Windows file paths on any operating system, use <a href="#pathwin32"><code>path.win32</code></a>:</p> <p>On POSIX and Windows:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-property">win32</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\temp\\myfile.html'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'myfile.html'</span></code></pre> <p>To achieve consistent results when working with POSIX file paths on any operating system, use <a href="#pathposix"><code>path.posix</code></a>:</p> <p>On POSIX and Windows:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-property">posix</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/tmp/myfile.html'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'myfile.html'</span></code></pre> <p>On Windows Node.js follows the concept of per-drive working directory. This behavior can be observed when using a drive path without a backslash. For example, <code>path.resolve('C:\\')</code> can potentially return a different result than <code>path.resolve('C:')</code>. For more information, see <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/FileIO/naming-a-file#fully-qualified-vs-relative-paths">this MSDN page</a>.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.basename(path[, suffix])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathbasenamepath-suffix" id="pathbasenamepath-suffix">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_basename_path_suffix"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v6.0.0</td> <td><p>Passing a non-string as the <code>path</code> argument will throw now.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.25</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.25</span></p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </details> </div> <ul> <li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li><code>suffix</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> An optional suffix to remove</li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.basename()</code> method returns the last portion of a <code>path</code>, similar to the Unix <code>basename</code> command. Trailing <a href="#pathsep">directory separators</a> are ignored.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar/baz/asdf/quux.html'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'quux.html'</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar/baz/asdf/quux.html'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'.html'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'quux'</span></code></pre> <p>Although Windows usually treats file names, including file extensions, in a case-insensitive manner, this function does not. For example, <code>C:\\foo.html</code> and <code>C:\\foo.HTML</code> refer to the same file, but <code>basename</code> treats the extension as a case-sensitive string:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-property">win32</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\foo.html'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'.html'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'foo'</span> path.<span class="hljs-property">win32</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\foo.HTML'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'.html'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'foo.HTML'</span></code></pre> <p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string or if <code>suffix</code> is given and is not a string.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.delimiter</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathdelimiter" id="pathdelimiter">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_delimiter"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.9.3</span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>Provides the platform-specific path delimiter:</p> <ul> <li><code>;</code> for Windows</li> <li><code>:</code> for POSIX</li> </ul> <p>For example, on POSIX:</p> <pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(process.<span class="hljs-property">env</span>.<span class="hljs-property">PATH</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Prints: '/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin'</span> process.<span class="hljs-property">env</span>.<span class="hljs-property">PATH</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">split</span>(path.<span class="hljs-property">delimiter</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: ['/usr/bin', '/bin', '/usr/sbin', '/sbin', '/usr/local/bin']</span></code></pre> <p>On Windows:</p> <pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(process.<span class="hljs-property">env</span>.<span class="hljs-property">PATH</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Prints: 'C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Program Files\node\'</span> process.<span class="hljs-property">env</span>.<span class="hljs-property">PATH</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">split</span>(path.<span class="hljs-property">delimiter</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns ['C:\\Windows\\system32', 'C:\\Windows', 'C:\\Program Files\\node\\']</span></code></pre> </section><section><h3><code>path.dirname(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathdirnamepath" id="pathdirnamepath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_dirname_path"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v6.0.0</td> <td><p>Passing a non-string as the <code>path</code> argument will throw now.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.16</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.16</span></p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </details> </div> <ul> <li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.dirname()</code> method returns the directory name of a <code>path</code>, similar to the Unix <code>dirname</code> command. Trailing directory separators are ignored, see <a href="#pathsep"><code>path.sep</code></a>.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">dirname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar/baz/asdf/quux'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/foo/bar/baz/asdf'</span></code></pre> <p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.extname(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathextnamepath" id="pathextnamepath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_extname_path"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v6.0.0</td> <td><p>Passing a non-string as the <code>path</code> argument will throw now.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.25</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.25</span></p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </details> </div> <ul> <li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.extname()</code> method returns the extension of the <code>path</code>, from the last occurrence of the <code>.</code> (period) character to end of string in the last portion of the <code>path</code>. If there is no <code>.</code> in the last portion of the <code>path</code>, or if there are no <code>.</code> characters other than the first character of the basename of <code>path</code> (see <code>path.basename()</code>) , an empty string is returned.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'index.html'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '.html'</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'index.coffee.md'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '.md'</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'index.'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '.'</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'index'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: ''</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'.index'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: ''</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'.index.md'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '.md'</span></code></pre> <p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.format(pathObject)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathformatpathobject" id="pathformatpathobject">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_format_pathobject"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.11.15</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>pathObject</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a> Any JavaScript object having the following properties: <ul> <li><code>dir</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li><code>root</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li><code>base</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li><code>name</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li><code>ext</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.format()</code> method returns a path string from an object. This is the opposite of <a href="#pathparsepath"><code>path.parse()</code></a>.</p> <p>When providing properties to the <code>pathObject</code> remember that there are combinations where one property has priority over another:</p> <ul> <li><code>pathObject.root</code> is ignored if <code>pathObject.dir</code> is provided</li> <li><code>pathObject.ext</code> and <code>pathObject.name</code> are ignored if <code>pathObject.base</code> exists</li> </ul> <p>For example, on POSIX:</p> <pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-comment">// If `dir`, `root` and `base` are provided,</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// `${dir}${path.sep}${base}`</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// will be returned. `root` is ignored.</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>({ <span class="hljs-attr">root</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/ignored'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">dir</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/home/user/dir'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">base</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'file.txt'</span> }); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/home/user/dir/file.txt'</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// `root` will be used if `dir` is not specified.</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// If only `root` is provided or `dir` is equal to `root` then the</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// platform separator will not be included. `ext` will be ignored.</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>({ <span class="hljs-attr">root</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">base</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'file.txt'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">ext</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'ignored'</span> }); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/file.txt'</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// `name` + `ext` will be used if `base` is not specified.</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>({ <span class="hljs-attr">root</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'file'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">ext</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'.txt'</span> }); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/file.txt'</span></code></pre> <p>On Windows:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>({ <span class="hljs-attr">dir</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'C:\\path\\dir'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">base</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'file.txt'</span> }); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'C:\\path\\dir\\file.txt'</span></code></pre> </section><section><h3><code>path.isAbsolute(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathisabsolutepath" id="pathisabsolutepath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_isabsolute_path"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.11.2</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.isAbsolute()</code> method determines if <code>path</code> is an absolute path.</p> <p>If the given <code>path</code> is a zero-length string, <code>false</code> will be returned.</p> <p>For example, on POSIX:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/baz/..'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'qux/'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'.'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span></code></pre> <p>On Windows:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'//server'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'\\\\server'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:/foo/..'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\foo\\..'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'bar\\baz'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'bar/baz'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'.'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span></code></pre> <p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.join([...paths])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathjoinpaths" id="pathjoinpaths">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_join_paths"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.16</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>...paths</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> A sequence of path segments</li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.join()</code> method joins all given <code>path</code> segments together using the platform-specific separator as a delimiter, then normalizes the resulting path.</p> <p>Zero-length <code>path</code> segments are ignored. If the joined path string is a zero-length string then <code>'.'</code> will be returned, representing the current working directory.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">join</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'baz/asdf'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'quux'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'..'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/foo/bar/baz/asdf'</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">join</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, {}, <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Throws 'TypeError: Path must be a string. Received {}'</span></code></pre> <p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if any of the path segments is not a string.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.normalize(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathnormalizepath" id="pathnormalizepath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_normalize_path"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.23</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.normalize()</code> method normalizes the given <code>path</code>, resolving <code>'..'</code> and <code>'.'</code> segments.</p> <p>When multiple, sequential path segment separation characters are found (e.g. <code>/</code> on POSIX and either <code>\</code> or <code>/</code> on Windows), they are replaced by a single instance of the platform-specific path segment separator (<code>/</code> on POSIX and <code>\</code> on Windows). Trailing separators are preserved.</p> <p>If the <code>path</code> is a zero-length string, <code>'.'</code> is returned, representing the current working directory.</p> <p>For example, on POSIX:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">normalize</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar//baz/asdf/quux/..'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/foo/bar/baz/asdf'</span></code></pre> <p>On Windows:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">normalize</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\temp\\\\foo\\bar\\..\\'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'C:\\temp\\foo\\'</span></code></pre> <p>Since Windows recognizes multiple path separators, both separators will be replaced by instances of the Windows preferred separator (<code>\</code>):</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-property">win32</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">normalize</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:////temp\\\\/\\/\\/foo/bar'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'C:\\temp\\foo\\bar'</span></code></pre> <p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.parse(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathparsepath" id="pathparsepath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_parse_path"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.11.15</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.parse()</code> method returns an object whose properties represent significant elements of the <code>path</code>. Trailing directory separators are ignored, see <a href="#pathsep"><code>path.sep</code></a>.</p> <p>The returned object will have the following properties:</p> <ul> <li><code>dir</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li><code>root</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li><code>base</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li><code>name</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li><code>ext</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>For example, on POSIX:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">parse</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/home/user/dir/file.txt'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns:</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// { root: '/',</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// dir: '/home/user/dir',</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// base: 'file.txt',</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// ext: '.txt',</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// name: 'file' }</span></code></pre> <pre><code class="language-text">┌─────────────────────┬────────────┐ │ dir │ base │ ├──────┬ ├──────┬─────┤ │ root │ │ name │ ext │ " / home/user/dir / file .txt " └──────┴──────────────┴──────┴─────┘ (All spaces in the "" line should be ignored. They are purely for formatting.)</code></pre> <p>On Windows:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">parse</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\path\\dir\\file.txt'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns:</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// { root: 'C:\\',</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// dir: 'C:\\path\\dir',</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// base: 'file.txt',</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// ext: '.txt',</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// name: 'file' }</span></code></pre> <pre><code class="language-text">┌─────────────────────┬────────────┐ │ dir │ base │ ├──────┬ ├──────┬─────┤ │ root │ │ name │ ext │ " C:\ path\dir \ file .txt " └──────┴──────────────┴──────┴─────┘ (All spaces in the "" line should be ignored. They are purely for formatting.)</code></pre> <p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.posix</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathposix" id="pathposix">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_posix"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v15.3.0</td> <td><p>Exposed as <code>require('path/posix')</code>.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v0.11.15</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.11.15</span></p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </details> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.posix</code> property provides access to POSIX specific implementations of the <code>path</code> methods.</p> <p>The API is accessible via <code>require('node:path').posix</code> or <code>require('node:path/posix')</code>.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.relative(from, to)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathrelativefrom-to" id="pathrelativefrom-to">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_relative_from_to"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v6.8.0</td> <td><p>On Windows, the leading slashes for UNC paths are now included in the return value.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v0.5.0</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.5.0</span></p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </details> </div> <ul> <li><code>from</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li><code>to</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.relative()</code> method returns the relative path from <code>from</code> to <code>to</code> based on the current working directory. If <code>from</code> and <code>to</code> each resolve to the same path (after calling <code>path.resolve()</code> on each), a zero-length string is returned.</p> <p>If a zero-length string is passed as <code>from</code> or <code>to</code>, the current working directory will be used instead of the zero-length strings.</p> <p>For example, on POSIX:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">relative</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/data/orandea/test/aaa'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'/data/orandea/impl/bbb'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '../../impl/bbb'</span></code></pre> <p>On Windows:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">relative</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\orandea\\test\\aaa'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'C:\\orandea\\impl\\bbb'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '..\\..\\impl\\bbb'</span></code></pre> <p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if either <code>from</code> or <code>to</code> is not a string.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.resolve([...paths])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathresolvepaths" id="pathresolvepaths">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_resolve_paths"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.3.4</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>...paths</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> A sequence of paths or path segments</li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.resolve()</code> method resolves a sequence of paths or path segments into an absolute path.</p> <p>The given sequence of paths is processed from right to left, with each subsequent <code>path</code> prepended until an absolute path is constructed. For instance, given the sequence of path segments: <code>/foo</code>, <code>/bar</code>, <code>baz</code>, calling <code>path.resolve('/foo', '/bar', 'baz')</code> would return <code>/bar/baz</code> because <code>'baz'</code> is not an absolute path but <code>'/bar' + '/' + 'baz'</code> is.</p> <p>If, after processing all given <code>path</code> segments, an absolute path has not yet been generated, the current working directory is used.</p> <p>The resulting path is normalized and trailing slashes are removed unless the path is resolved to the root directory.</p> <p>Zero-length <code>path</code> segments are ignored.</p> <p>If no <code>path</code> segments are passed, <code>path.resolve()</code> will return the absolute path of the current working directory.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">resolve</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'./baz'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/foo/bar/baz'</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">resolve</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'/tmp/file/'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/tmp/file'</span> path.<span class="hljs-title function_">resolve</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'wwwroot'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'static_files/png/'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'../gif/image.gif'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// If the current working directory is /home/myself/node,</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// this returns '/home/myself/node/wwwroot/static_files/gif/image.gif'</span></code></pre> <p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if any of the arguments is not a string.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.sep</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathsep" id="pathsep">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_sep"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.7.9</span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>Provides the platform-specific path segment separator:</p> <ul> <li><code>\</code> on Windows</li> <li><code>/</code> on POSIX</li> </ul> <p>For example, on POSIX:</p> <pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-string">'foo/bar/baz'</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">split</span>(path.<span class="hljs-property">sep</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']</span></code></pre> <p>On Windows:</p> <pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-string">'foo\\bar\\baz'</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">split</span>(path.<span class="hljs-property">sep</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']</span></code></pre> <p>On Windows, both the forward slash (<code>/</code>) and backward slash (<code>\</code>) are accepted as path segment separators; however, the <code>path</code> methods only add backward slashes (<code>\</code>).</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.toNamespacedPath(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathtonamespacedpathpath" id="pathtonamespacedpathpath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_tonamespacedpath_path"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v9.0.0</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>On Windows systems only, returns an equivalent <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/FileIO/naming-a-file#namespaces">namespace-prefixed path</a> for the given <code>path</code>. If <code>path</code> is not a string, <code>path</code> will be returned without modifications.</p> <p>This method is meaningful only on Windows systems. On POSIX systems, the method is non-operational and always returns <code>path</code> without modifications.</p> </section><section><h3><code>path.win32</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathwin32" id="pathwin32">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_win32"></a></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v15.3.0</td> <td><p>Exposed as <code>require('path/win32')</code>.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v0.11.15</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.11.15</span></p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </details> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>path.win32</code> property provides access to Windows-specific implementations of the <code>path</code> methods.</p> <p>The API is accessible via <code>require('node:path').win32</code> or <code>require('node:path/win32')</code>.</p></section> <!-- API END --> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>