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ELF > к @ @ 8 @ @ @ @ Pz Pz y y P P P P P P 8 8 8 0 0 h h h D D Std 8 8 8 0 0 Ptd ` ` ` L L Qtd Rtd P P P /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 GNU GNU og$oG GNU ) fUa9 @ : 3 ` p B + F " g y I j 0 U U R ; o B 0 8 & M ` S { h h ' u | o " D L + - Z , X w n ' _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable __gmon_start__ _ITM_registerTMCloneTable __cxa_finalize __libc_start_main strlen fwrite curl_slist_free_all curl_slist_append malloc curl_easy_pause select __stack_chk_fail lseek socket curl_maprintf curl_free strdup stdin fileno ftell fstat calloc fseek curl_strnequal strpbrk strcspn memcpy strchr curl_msnprintf curl_global_trace curl_mprintf curl_getenv ioctl fflush __memset_chk curl_mfprintf fputs curl_mvaprintf fputc geteuid getpwuid curl_mime_addpart curl_mime_type curl_mime_headers curl_mime_encoder curl_mime_name curl_mime_data curl_mime_filename curl_mime_filedata curl_mime_init curl_mime_subparts curl_mime_free curl_mime_data_cb tcgetattr tcsetattr memmove memcmp stdout curl_easy_getinfo gettimeofday localtime fopen __errno_location __fdelt_chk fread ferror fclose setsockopt getsockname curl_mvfprintf fdopen curl_strequal memchr ftruncate curl_url curl_url_set curl_url_get strcmp curl_url_cleanup strrchr strspn mkdir getc __memcpy_chk strncmp strstr memset curl_getdate stderr freopen fcntl pipe signal curl_global_init curl_version_info setlocale curl_global_cleanup curl_share_init curl_share_setopt curl_easy_init curl_easy_cleanup curl_version qsort curl_easy_ssls_import curl_share_cleanup curl_multi_init curl_multi_poll curl_multi_perform curl_multi_info_read curl_multi_remove_handle curl_easy_perform curl_easy_ssls_export curl_multi_cleanup strcasecmp curl_easy_setopt realloc feof fseeko fgets curl_easy_strerror fsetxattr curl_easy_header utimes unlink curl_easy_nextheader curl_easy_escape isatty curl_multi_add_handle clock_gettime libcurl.so.4 libc.so.6 GLIBC_2.3 GLIBC_2.15 GLIBC_2.3.4 GLIBC_2.4 GLIBC_2.17 GLIBC_2.33 GLIBC_2.14 GLIBC_2.34 GLIBC_2.2.5 /opt/alt/openldap11/lib64:/opt/alt/libssh211/usr/lib64:/opt/alt/curlssl11/usr/lib64:/opt/alt/openssl11/lib64:/opt/alt/krb5/usr/lib64:/opt/alt/krb5/lib64 K ii U _ ti j ii v ui P X p ` ` % D X } ( @ H X ` p x % < G 0 V 8 H a P H ` o x y IW Ս 8 P X [ ^W ` S X S 8 S 0 TW ( YW P ]W H bW @ U ( gW 0 W 8 W @ W H 6 P W X W ` W h X p x @ X ;X 0 @X 0 P NX H ( dX 0 kX 8 p @ H X P X h ` h p x P X X X X ( P H x X P x ( 0 8 p @ X H P X h ` h p X x X X @ 8 ( Y x *Y FY H YY p oY ( 0 X 8 @ wY H P P X ` Y h p ( x Y X Y Y Y 0 Y Y Y H Y h Y Z !Z ( H 0 8 +Z @ H 8Z P DZ X ` ` h QZ p x [Z dZ nZ zZ P Z Z Z 0 Z ` Z P Z ( 0 H 8 @ H P p X Z ` h p @ x Z [ @ [ X *[ @ ! p ! ! ! 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AWAVIAUATIUH= SHHHXdH%( HD$H1QHD$ HD$ H IHxI)8@ x- H5v H|$UH|$HI 1Ht$H|$HI}OL9= AtL)TE Lt$HT$M} L1SH|$IVUHD$ M L\QH 11 D H9tA4HHH9 A4Hz@%uA|2uA|0uA+H D L= Ht$1H|$ILNAM L9= L M LPL3E1I$HD$HdH+%( 3 HXD[]A\A]A^A_f @ HOH0HE1OVHD$IH L&PHD$Hf H=6 VIH 1XL|$ LHHD$ HD$( LHD$0 HD$8 @ yJuM H5= LaJu5LOLLHGJuL;SLt$ HD$( @ L SA D LRHH5 L1OA @ AWAVAUILATMUHSLHhdH%( HD$X1SM H} | ILH P LH- L5 $OH L- H LHCHH HI!uEL LH1H5ȧ f. HD$XdH+%( u{Hh[]A\A]A^A_Ð1L LLH蹖uL NLP LL& 1rNHKHHQLLH5N H1ju Q AU1MATILSHbRM H{ A1H H HHHHt HPH9uL1L f1HԻ fL@HMt HPH9uHt5[LH5 A\H=1 1A]騕 [A\A]f. [LL1A\H5 H= A]p AU1ILATMUHSLHjQMt=H} t6t0 L;ct2HH HuLLH5 ! H[]A\A] D LH5 HH=c 1[]A\A]֔f D 6 AVAUPATL%F 1UHLSHH5 蕔t[]A\A]A^ L- H= LhuӋH5 H= OuL5 H5 L3uLL"H}H tuH5{ LmH}H3[]A\A]A^ff. AWAVAUAATUSHH(Lw(HdH%( HD$1D$ Ht AąupH- DD1H5զ H}AąuK;wqH HcH>f D MH) LD1DHH5c 6 AHD$dH+%( H(D[]A\A]A^A_ D H{8H HZHDH5 HD$H1˒H|$AME Mt4LHQZHDH5< IH1臒LAMEA H{ Ht:HZHDH5գ IH1DLAyME H{0Ht:HYHDH5 IH1LA6ME H{@HHt$[AąDt$DH1H5 D译AąyDH5{ H1萑A] H{H YDH5> HHD$H1T;LD$A L{LE2Ef. MbfHt$H3D|$DH5d HDDH5 HǐAfH{H`XHDH5C HD$H1蔐H|$AKGfH5 HqA.f M DH5E H1;LD$AJf AWAVAUIATAUSH dH%( H$ 1=O 54 HIHH+0 HS㥛 H9} H Zd;H9 DHi )Hc HiMbH&)HHH= @D @t>@uoH$ dH+%( HĘ []A\A]A^A_f D @u6B H ھ H=> LL$f MLL$f D HI+E AMHS㥛 HS㥛 H|$H9XH Zd;H9@ DHi )Hc HiMbH&)HS㥛 HcHHH?HHH)HT$H D$J-- D$N-- H-Y H LC L H5- H D$1E1A H E1hD AuAHA D H HtgD AuAHѿ D H IHt8H H L HzH E1HuD$ @ @tH T EtH5P L|$JE |$ Lt$NJ H M HHHȃH(L@HXLHk 1J HS㥛 HH+H9) H Zd;H9q D+HHi HHIcA HLHiMbH+1H+QH&D)HH = H\ fH*^L,fH*^H,I9IMIH E H5% LT$(H\$\LD$ HH)HIHD$HHIHHD$RHHD$!6Ht$H6LD$ LT$(Ht$HT$fLD$0HLT$8HT$(5EL\$pLHD Ht$|L\$H 2 HDHL$ 3H|$0Ht$vL-7 I3Ht$HHD$3HH= H5à HL$(I1QLATt$ HT$HRLSLT$hARAULL$PEH@E1H~ A L|$Jf H5ٹ Lt$NHHGzGI9 H ףp= ףHHLH 2H?HHH)HHLt$NHb 1LLL$(LT$ D\$LD$_BLL$(LT$ D\$LD$ D H--:--:--D$Z H\$\HD$RHD$\HD$RD$d HD$Df D = HS㥛 I+] H94 H Zd;H9 E+MHi LHIcA HiMbH&D)HH,H5 HVHGzGH9 H ףp= ףHHHH 2H?HHH)HHL|$JH' 1LLL$(LT$ LD$)ALL$(LT$ A LD$ fH*^ ߞ fHD HHHHHf KHHHHH) LH9 D HH a HLH+0H+PD$D H Zd;HD$ ( LHHHL HHH+0H+PBHHH* HH curl_easy_cleanup(hnd); hnd = NULL; %s/%c%s %s/%s pkcs11: :\ %c%.*s %-*s %s Authentication methods %-11s %s COLUMNS %%-%ds %%5.1f%%%% CURL_HOME is unknown is ambiguous requires parameter is badly used here out of memory too large number variable expansion failure unknown error Note: Warning: => Send header => Send data <= Recv header <= Recv data <= Recv SSL data => Send SSL data %02d:%02d:%02d %s.%06ld [%ld-%ld] [%ld-x] Failed to create/open output > %s%s%s [%zu bytes data] %s%s== Info: %.*s %s%s%s, %zu bytes (0x%zx) %04zx: %02x %c stdin: %s pn: ecl: ecl:%s GET (-G, --get) HEAD (-I, --head) POST (-d, --data) PUT (-T, --upload-file) curl: %d Failed writing headers to %s etag: Content-disposition: filename= [1m%.*s[0m: Location VTE_VERSION http https ftps %.*s]8;;%s\%.*s]8;;\ Error creating directory %s Header file %s read error: %s type= ()<>@,;:\"[]?= Cannot read from %s: %s skip unknown form field: %s headers= encoder= no multipart to terminate & unsupported --rate unit too large --rate unit <stdin> answered expand- {{ }} missing close '}}' in '%s' bad variable name length '%s' bad variable name: %s variable contains null byte --npn is no longer supported Warning: Failed to open %s max-filesize passive active --metalink is disabled %s&%s ;auto cannot read config from '%s' %ld- ids,time,protocol ssl,read,write network Failed to read %s Failed to get filetime: %s _ _ ____ _ libssh2 error initializing curl -q missing URL before --next --url option %s: %s %s. %s, category no- -%c, -- --no-%s %s FILES - %s: %s debug 2025-04-02 Release-Date: %s ipfs Protocols: rtmp ipfs ipns Features: Build-time engines: <none> hnd = curl_easy_init(); Content-Type Accept Accept: application/json curl/8.13.0 no transfer performed */ ret = curl_easy_perform(hnd); out of file descriptors threadsafe rtsp scp sftp tftp ___| | | | _ \| | / __| | | | |_) | | | (__| |_| | _ <| |___ \___|\___/|_| \_\_____| curl - transfer a URL SYNOPSIS curl [options / URLs] DESCRIPTION libcurl(3) for details. URL RFC 3986. the command line. in "http://[fe80::3%25eth0]/" GLOBBING With leading zeroes: each other: letter: VARIABLES backslash, like "\{{". not set: --variable '%USER' expanded cause error. when sent as POST data: --variable %HOME https://example.com/ OUTPUT them. PROTOCOLS DICT FILE approach works. FTP(S) GOPHER(S) Retrieve files. HTTP(S) IMAP(S) With or without using TLS. LDAP(S) MQTT POP3(S) using TLS. RTMP(S) RTSP SCP SFTP SMB(S) SMTP(S) without TLS. TELNET TFTP WS(S) PROGRESS METER is 1048576 bytes. or similar. the --silent option. VERSION curl https://curl.se/info OPTIONS ALL OPTIONS Example: See also --unix-socket. --alt-svc <filename> modified. --anyauth no extra effect. -a, --append https://example.com --basic --negotiate). extra effect. See also --proxy-basic. --ca-native verification. (Added in 8.13.0) --cacert <file> variable. PATH. application's directory. value is used. --capath <dir> version). last set value is used. --cert-status the verification fails. --cert-type <type> --ciphers <list> URL: --compressed with --no-compressed. --compressed-ssh --no-compressed-ssh. See also --compressed. -K, --config <file> on the command line. 8.2.0). the file from stdin. # --- Example file --- # this is a comment url = "example.com" output = "curlhere.html" -O places in this order: 1) "$CURL_HOME/.curlrc" 3) "$HOME/.curlrc" executable is placed. line See also --disable. used. Examples: See also --max-time. "example.org". is not used by curl. figure that out. See also --range. functions. cookies. file format. option. it. --create-dirs systems. default 0644. is used. --crlf See also --use-ascii. --crlfile <file> --curves <list> utilities. -d, --data <data> --data-raw. --data-ascii <data> --data-binary <data> whatsoever. See also --data-ascii. --data-raw <data> times in a command line See also --data. --data-urlencode <data> content =content name=content @filename name@filename to be URL-encoded already. --delegation <LEVEL> none policy always --digest -q, --disable See also --config. --disable-eprt EPRT is necessary then. --disable-epsv is necessary then. set value is used. --doh-cert-status --doh-insecure checking. resolution insecure. --no-doh-insecure. --proxy-insecure. --doh-url <URL> The URL must be HTTPS. --dump-ca-embed then quit. curl --dump-ca-embed written to stdout. --dump-header. See also --output. --ech <config> false grease true fails.) hard ecl:<b64val> pn:<name> --egd-file <file> See also --random-file. --engine <name> --etag-compare <file> the stored ETag. subsequent request. --etag-save <file> -f, --fail greater. --no-fail. --fail-early contained by --next. --fail-with-body --false-start according to RFC 2388. message to transmit. by IMAP. input: server: or double-quotes like: https://example.com backslash. https://example.com contents: X-header-2: this is another header as follows: the argument, It attaches a text file: --form-escape in a command line See also --form. --ftp-account <data> See also --user. --ftp-create-dirs See also --create-dirs. --ftp-method <method> alternatives: multicwd slowest behavior. nocwd the fastest behavior. singlecwd full penalty of "multicwd". See also --list-only. --ftp-pasv -P, --ftp-port <address> of: interface use (Unix only) IP address hostname - --ftp-pret --ftp-skip-pasv-ip See also --ftp-pasv. --ftp-ssl-ccc with --no-ftp-ssl-ccc. See also --ftp-ssl-ccc. --ftp-ssl-control See also --ssl. -G, --get -g, --globoff --haproxy-clientip <ip> sent. --haproxy-protocol --no-haproxy-protocol. -I, --head headers. uploaded mails. "X-Custom-Header:". HTTP proxy. chunked encoding. -h, --help <subject> argument. command line arguments. available options. categories. curl --help all curl --help --insecure curl --help -f See also --verbose. --hostpubmd5 <md5> sftp://example.com/ --hostpubsha256 <sha256> sftp://example.com/ --hsts <filename> --http0.9 with --no-http0.9. -0, --http1.0 --http1.1. --http1.1 --http0.9. --http2 (HTTP) Use HTTP/2. and --no-alpn. --http2-prior-knowledge handshake. --http3 URLs. HTTP/1 and HTTP/2. --http3-only error. the given host and port. --ignore-content-length -k, --insecure --interface <name> if!<name> host!<name> IP address or hostname. root. --ip-tos <string> IPv6. --ipfs-gateway <URL> trustless: -4, --ipv4 effect. and --http2. -6, --ipv6 example try IPv4. --json <data> options: --data-binary [arg] sending. --key <key> --key-type <type> See also --key. --krb <level> --delegation and --ssl. --libcurl <file> --limit-rate <speed> -l, --list-only server instead of LIST. listed in this mode. --local-port <range> See also --globoff. -L, --location this. method. --post302 and --post303. --location-trusted or port number changed. server authentication. --mail-auth <address> --mail-from <address> --mail-rcpt <address> recipients. --mail-rcpt-allowfails smtp://example.com -M, --manual curl --manual --max-filesize <bytes> See also --limit-rate. --max-redirs <num> See also --location. -m, --max-time <seconds> --metalink See also --parallel. --mptcp --no-mptcp. --negotiate -n, --netrc checked for _netrc only. machine host.example.com login myself password secret again with --no-netrc. --netrc-file <filename> --user and --config. --netrc-optional --netrc-file. -:, --next line: --no-alpn --no-npn and --http2. -N, --no-buffer buffering. --no-clobber --no-keepalive --keepalive. --no-npn 7.86.0). --no-alpn and --http2. --no-progress-meter --silent does. --no-sessionid again with --sessionid. See also --insecure. "www.notlocal.com". override it. See also --proxy. --ntlm instead, such as Digest. --ntlm-wb --oauth2-bearer <token> --user options. -o, --output <file> being fetched. Like in: the output to stdout. Or for Windows: curl example.com -o nul prevention: --remote-header-name. --output-dir <dir> -Z, --parallel transfers finish. -o file2 --parallel-immediate. --parallel-immediate slower transfer startup. --parallel-max <num> --pass <phrase> --path-as-is with --no-path-as-is. --pinnedpubkey <hashes> PEM/DER support: 10.7+/iOS 10+, Schannel sha256 support: --post301 with --no-post301. --post302 with --no-post302. --post303 with --no-post303. proxy. Hence pre proxy. assumed to be 1080. -#, --progress-bar --proto <protocols> + already permitted. = instance of the option. See also --proto. Use the specified proxy. instead. cannot be used. --proxy-anyauth --proxy-basic --proxy-ca-native --proxy-cacert <file> be in PEM format. --proxy. --proxy-capath <dir> --proxy-cert-type <type> --proxy-ciphers <list> on this URL: --proxy-crlfile <file> --proxy-digest command line --proxy-http2 with --no-proxy-http2. --proxy-insecure --proxy-key <key> --proxy-key-type <type> --proxy-negotiate --proxy-ntlm --proxy-pass <phrase> --proxy-ssl-allow-beast this URL: --proxy-tlsuser is set. --proxy-tlsuser <name> --proxy-tlsv1 See also --proxy-pass. --proxy1.0 <host[:port]> -p, --proxytunnel through to. with --no-proxytunnel. --pubkey <key> See also --pass. -Q, --quote <command> SFTP servers. atime date file chgrp group file chmod mode file chown user file mkdir directory_name directory_name operand. mtime date file pwd working directory. rename source target operand. rm file rmdir directory See ln. See also --request. --random-file <file> of OpenSSL. See also --egd-file. -r, --range <range> 0-499 500-999 -500 9500- 0-0,-1 100-199,500-599 whole document. transfer. as possible. --parallel is used. per hour. transfer was started. unrestricted. --raw See also --tr-encoding. -e, --referer <URL> -J, --remote-header-name has no effect. filenames. character sets). See also --remote-name. -O, --remote-name off.) use --output-dir. is not overwritten. filename. have. --remote-name-all --no-remote-name-all. ftp://example.com/file2 -R, --remote-time --no-remote-time. --remove-on-error -X, --request <method> and control characters. HTTP and more. command line options. FTP doing file lists with FTP. POP3 RETR. IMAP SMTP VRFY. --request-target <path> different ports. used first. --retry <num> code. --retry-all-errors read the example below. duplicate data. --retry-connrefused --retry-delay <seconds> See also --retry. --sasl-ir with --no-sasl-ir. --service-name <name> -S, --show-error fails. -i, --show-headers a separate stream. server. -s, --silent --skip-existing --no-skip-existing. --no-clobber. --socks4 <host[:port]> mutually exclusive. --socks4a <host[:port]> resolve the hostname. --socks5 <host[:port]> --socks5-basic See also --socks5. --socks5-gssapi --socks5-gssapi-nec --no-socks5-gssapi-nec. port 1080. --ssl to a secure connection. encryption required. backend. --no-ssl. --ssl-allow-beast on later TLS versions. --no-ssl-allow-beast. --ssl-auto-client-cert --ssl-no-revoke See also --crlfile. --ssl-reqd upgraded to use SSL/TLS. handshake does not work. with --no-ssl-reqd. --ssl-revoke-best-effort reasons. secure. -2, --sslv2 -3, --sslv3 --stderr <file> --styled-output capability. --tcp-fastopen See also --false-start. --tcp-nodelay See also --no-buffer. TTYPE=<term> Sets the terminal type. XDISPLOC=<X display> NEW_ENV=<var,val> --tftp-blksize <value> --tftp-no-options -z, --time-cond <time> details. --tls-earlydata sent that way. --tls-max <VERSION> default 1.0 Use up to TLSv1.0. 1.1 Use up to TLSv1.1. 1.2 Use up to TLSv1.2. 1.3 Use up to TLSv1.3. --tls13-ciphers <list> --curves. --tlsauthtype <type> See also --tlsuser. --tlspassword <string> --tlsuser <name> set. See also --tlspassword. -1, --tlsv1 --tlsv1.0 to a remote TLS server. See also --tlsv1.3. --tlsv1.1 --tlsv1.2 --tlsv1.3 --tr-encoding --trace <file> logs with others. and --trace-time. --trace-ascii <file> --trace-config <string> components. --trace-ids --trace-time displays. --unix-socket <path> -T, --upload-file <file> --upload-flags <flags> --url <url/file> curl --url @file --url-query <data> -B, --use-ascii -A, --user-agent <name> --proxy-header options. with the new. case insensitive. given file: contents from two other: Available functions: trim Example: json url b64 64dec (Added in 8.13.0) //example.com/{{name}}" -v, --verbose read,write,ssl). wish to see. the server. -V, --version invocation. feature. date. alt-svc AsynchDNS resolver backends. brotli CharConv (like EBCDIC) Debug only. ECH ECH support is present. gsasl GSS-API GSS-API is supported. HSTS HSTS support is present. HTTP2 HTTP3 HTTPS-proxy IDN IPv6 Kerberos Largefile 2GB. libz MultiSSL NTLM NTLM_WB PSL SPNEGO SSL SSLS-EXPORT --ssl-sessions. SSPI SSPI is supported. TLS-SRP TLS. TrackMemory Unicode UnixSockets zstd HTTP is supported. curl --version network. -w, --write-out <format> you write "@-". in 7.84.0). successful or not. certs backends. (Added in 7.88.0) conn_id content_type errormsg exitcode filename_effective ftp_entry_path remote FTP server. header{name} header_json 7.83.0) http_code http_connect http_version local_ip local_port method in 7.72.0) num_certs num_connects num_headers a header. (Added in 7.73.0) num_redirects num_retries used. (Added in 8.9.0) onerror output{filename} in 8.3.0) proxy_ssl_verify_result successful. proxy_used redirect_url referer remote_ip can be either IPv4 or IPv6. remote_port response_code scheme effectively used. size_download size_header size_request size_upload speed_download download. Bytes per second. speed_upload upload. Bytes per second. ssl_verify_result stderr stdout time_appconnect completed. time_connect time_namelookup resolving was completed. time_posttransfer time_pretransfer time_queue in 8.12.0) time_redirect time_starttransfer time_total tls_earlydata url.scheme url.user url.password 8.1.0) url.options url.host url.port url.path url.query url.fragment url.zoneid urle.scheme (Added in 8.1.0) urle.user urle.password fetched. (Added in 8.1.0) urle.options urle.host urle.port urle.path urle.query urle.fragment urle.zoneid urlnum (Added in 7.75.0) url_effective xfer_id --xattr --no-xattr. ~/.curlrc ENVIRONMENT using the --proxy option. POP3, IMAP, SMTP, LDAP, etc. hostname itself. APPDATA <dir> COLUMNS <terminal width> CURL_CA_BUNDLE <file> CURL_HOME <dir> HOME <dir> QLOGDIR <directory name> SHELL SSL_CERT_DIR <dir> SSL_CERT_FILE <path> SSLKEYLOGFILE <filename> Rustls. USERPROFILE <dir> XDG_CONFIG_HOME <dir> default .curlrc file. PROXY PROTOCOL PREFIXES http:// used. https:// socks4:// socks4a:// socks5:// socks5h:// EXIT CODES 0 instructions. 1 protocol. 2 Failed to initialize. 3 4 5 6 7 Failed to connect to host. 8 9 10 connection or similar. 11 request. 12 13 14 sent. 15 227-line. 16 error message for details. 17 18 19 command failed. 21 22 23 similar. 25 STOR command. 26 27 28 to the conditions. 30 31 for resumed FTP transfers. 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 LDAP search failed. 41 42 43 45 47 amount. 48 up in the manual. 49 Malformed telnet option. 52 53 54 55 56 58 59 60 61 63 Maximum file size exceeded. 64 65 66 67 log in. 68 69 70 71 Illegal TFTP operation. 72 Unknown TFTP transfer ID. 73 File already exists (TFTP). 74 No such user (TFTP). 77 78 79 80 82 83 Issuer check failed. 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 details. 96 97 Proxy handshake error. 98 99 100 XX BUGS AUTHORS WWW https://curl.se SEE ALSO ftp (1), wget (1) them yourself. return (int)ret; #include <curl/curl.h> CURLcode ret; CURL *hnd; connection Manage connections The command line tool itself deprecated Legacy dns Names and resolving FILE protocol global Global options HTTP and HTTPS protocol imap IMAP protocol ldap LDAP protocol Filesystem output pop3 POP3 protocol post HTTP POST specific Options for proxies SCP protocol SFTP protocol smtp SMTP protocol SSH protocol telnet TELNET protocol TFTP protocol Timeouts and delays tls TLS/SSL related Upload, sending data Tracing, logging etc AWS V4 signature auth HTTP Basic Authentication Load CA certs from the OS Request compressed response Enable SSH compression Read config from a file -C, --continue-at <offset> Resumed transfer offset -b, --cookie <data|filename> -c, --cookie-jar <filename> --create-file-mode <mode> File mode for created files Convert LF to CRLF in upload Certificate Revocation list HTTP POST data HTTP POST ASCII data HTTP POST binary data HTTP POST data, '@' allowed HTTP POST data URL encoded GSS-API delegation permission HTTP Digest Authentication Disable .curlrc Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT Inhibit using EPSV Disallow username in URL --dns-ipv4-addr <address> --dns-ipv6-addr <address> --dns-servers <addresses> DNS server addrs to use Resolve hostnames over DoH -D, --dump-header <filename> Configure ECH Crypto engine to use Load ETag from file Fail on first transfer error Enable TLS False Start -F, --form <name=content> Specify multipart MIME data Account data string String to replace USER [name] Control CWD usage Send PORT instead of PASV Send PRET before PASV Skip the IP address for PASV Send CCC after authenticating Set CCC mode Time for IPv6 before IPv4 Set address in HAProxy PROXY Show document info only -H, --header <header/@file> Get help for commands Allow HTTP/0.9 responses Use HTTP/1.0 Use HTTP/1.1 Use HTTP/2 Use HTTP/3 Use HTTP/3 only Use network interface Gateway for IPFS HTTP POST JSON -j, --junk-session-cookies --keepalive-cnt <integer> Private key filename Limit transfer speed to RATE List only mode Follow redirects --login-options <options> Server login options Mail from this address Mail to this address Allow RCPT TO command to fail Display the full manual Maximum file size to download Enable Multipath TCP Specify FILE for netrc Use either .netrc or URL Disable the NPN TLS extension --noproxy <no-proxy-list> HTTP NTLM authentication OAuth 2 Bearer Token Directory to save files in Perform transfers in parallel Do not wait for multiplexing Use this proxy first Enable/disable PROTOCOLS --proto-redir <protocols> Use this proxy Set a CRL list for proxy Digest auth with the proxy Use HTTP/2 with HTTPS proxy Private key for HTTPS proxy SPNEGO proxy service name TLS 1.3 proxy cipher suites TLS password for HTTPS proxy TLS username for HTTPS proxy TLSv1 for HTTPS proxy Proxy user and password SSH Public key filename --rate <max request rate> Referrer URL Remove output file on errors Specify request method to use Resolve host+port to address Wait time between retries Retry only within this period --sasl-authzid <identity> SPNEGO service name Silent mode -Y, --speed-limit <speed> -y, --speed-time <seconds> Try enabling TLS Require SSL/TLS --ssl-sessions <filename> Where to redirect stderr Use TCP Fast Open Set TCP_NODELAY -t, --telnet-option <opt=val> Set telnet option Set TFTP BLKSIZE option Do not send any TFTP options Maximum allowed TLS version TLS 1.3 cipher suites to use TLS authentication type TLS password TLS username TLSv1.0 or greater TLSv1.1 or greater TLSv1.2 or greater TLSv1.3 or greater Write a debug trace to FILE IMAP upload behavior URL(s) to work with Add a URL query part Use ASCII/text transfer -u, --user <user:password> Server user and password Set variable Show version number and quit Set VLAN priority deleted draft flagged seen AF11 AF12 AF13 AF21 AF22 AF23 AF31 AF32 AF33 AF41 AF42 AF43 CS0 CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4 CS5 CS6 CS7 ECT0 ECT1 EF LOWCOST LOWDELAY MINCOST RELIABILITY THROUGHPUT VOICE-ADMIT abstract-unix-socket aws-sigv4 connect-timeout connect-to continue-at cookie cookie-jar create-file-mode curves data-ascii data-binary data-raw data-urlencode delegation disallow-username-in-url dns-interface dns-ipv4-addr dns-ipv6-addr dns-servers doh-url dump-header ech egd-file engine etag-compare etag-save expect100-timeout form form-string ftp-account ftp-alternative-to-user ftp-method ftp-port ftp-ssl ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ftp-ssl-reqd happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms haproxy-clientip help hostpubmd5 hostpubsha256 hsts include ip-tos ipfs-gateway keepalive-cnt keepalive-time krb krb4 libcurl limit-rate local-port login-options mail-auth mail-from mail-rcpt max-redirs netrc-file noproxy oauth2-bearer output-dir parallel-max preproxy proto proto-default proto-redir proxy-cacert proxy-cert proxy-cert-type proxy-crlfile proxy-header proxy-key proxy-key-type proxy-pass proxy-service-name proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert proxy-tlsauthtype proxy-tlspassword proxy-tlsuser proxy-user proxy1.0 quote random-file request-target resolve retry retry-delay retry-max-time sasl-authzid socks4 socks4a socks5 socks5-gssapi-service socks5-hostname speed-limit speed-time ssl-sessions suppress-connect-headers telnet-option tftp-blksize time-cond tls-max trace trace-ascii trace-config upload-file upload-flags url-query user-agent vlan-priority write-out XDG_CONFIG_HOME /.config * < { } --abstract-unix-socket <path> had unsupported trailing garbage expected a proper numerical parameter expected a positive numerical parameter the installed libcurl version does not support this a specified protocol is unsupported by libcurl the given option cannot be reversed with a --no- prefix used '--no-' for option that is not a boolean --continue-at and --remote-header-name cannot be combined error encountered when reading a file blank argument where content is expected syntax error in --variable argument File size larger in the end than when started. Dropping at least %ld bytes Trailing data after quoted form parameter invalid number specified for %s unsupported %s unit. Use G, M, K or B Couldn't read file "%s" specified for "--ech ecl:" option multipart formpost (-F, --form) You can only select one HTTP request method! You asked for both %s and %s. Setting type of service to %d failed with errno %d: %s; VLAN priority %d failed with errno %d: %s; curl: try 'curl --help' or 'curl --manual' for more information Failed to open the file %s: %s Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output <FILE>" to save to a file. You do not have permission to create %s The directory name %s is too long %s resides on a read-only file system No space left on the file system that will contain the directory %s Cannot create directory %s because you exceeded your quota Out of memory for field headers File %s line %d: header too long (truncated) Out of memory for field header Field filename not allowed here: %s Field encoder not allowed here: %s error while reading standard input garbage at end of field specification: %s Illegally formatted input field The etag options only work on a single URL The filename argument '%s' looks like a flag. The argument '%s' starts with a Unicode quote where maybe an ASCII " was intended? --%s is deprecated and has no function anymore --trace overrides an earlier trace/verbose option --trace-ascii overrides an earlier trace/verbose option --%s is an insecure option, consider --ssl-reqd instead unrecognized ftp file method '%s', using default unrecognized ftp CCC method '%s', using default unrecognized delegation method '%s', using none Overrides previous HTTP version option Ignores instruction to use SSLv2 Ignores instruction to use SSLv3 --continue-at is mutually exclusive with --range --continue-at is mutually exclusive with --remove-on-error --continue-at is mutually exclusive with --no-clobber You must select either --fail or --fail-with-body, not both. A specified range MUST include at least one dash (-). Appending one for you Invalid character is found in given range. A specified range MUST have only digits in 'start'-'stop'. The server's response to this request is uncertain. -v, --verbose overrides an earlier trace option Illegal date format for -z, --time-cond (and not a filename). Disabling time condition. See curl_getdate(3) for valid date syntax. /* Here is a list of options the curl code used that cannot get generated /********* Sample code generated by the curl command line tool ********** error retrieving curl library information error initializing curl library Usage: curl [options...] <url> This is not the full help; this menu is split into categories. Use "--help category" to get an overview of all categories, which are: Incorrect option name to show help for, see curl -h Unknown category provided, here is a list of all categories: curl 8.13.0 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) %s WARNING: curl and libcurl versions do not match. Functionality may be affected. SSL session file does not exist (yet?): %s unrecognized line %d in ssl session file %s invalid shmax base64 encoding in line %d invalid sdata base64 encoding in line %d: %s import of session from line %d rejected(%d) Content-Type: application/json Transfer aborted due to critical error in another transfer Transfer took %ld ms, waits %ldms as set by --rate Warning: Failed to create SSL session file %s Failed to open %s to write libcurl code WARNING: this libcurl is Debug-enabled, do not use in production Use "--help all" to list all options Use "--help [option]" to view documentation for a given option curl is a tool for transferring data from or to a server using URLs. It supports these protocols: DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, GOPHERS, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET, TFTP, WS and WSS. curl is powered by libcurl for all transfer-related features. See The URL syntax is protocol-dependent. You find a detailed description in If you provide a URL without a leading protocol:// scheme, curl guesses what protocol you want. It then defaults to HTTP but assumes others based on often-used hostname prefixes. For example, for hostnames starting with "ftp." curl assumes you want FTP. You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line. They are fetched in a sequential manner in the specified order unless you use --parallel. You can specify command line options and URLs mixed and in any order on curl attempts to reuse connections when doing multiple transfers, so that getting many files from the same server do not use multiple connects and setup handshakes. This improves speed. Connection reuse can only be done for URLs specified for a single command line invocation and cannot be performed between separate curl runs. Provide an IPv6 zone id in the URL with an escaped percentage sign. Like Everything provided on the command line that is not a command line option or its argument, curl assumes is a URL and treats it as such. You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs by writing lists within braces or ranges within brackets. We call this "globbing". Provide a list with three different names like this: "http://site.{one,two,three}.com" Do sequences of alphanumeric series by using [] as in: "ftp://ftp.example.com/file[1-100].txt" "ftp://ftp.example.com/file[001-100].txt" With letters through the alphabet: "ftp://ftp.example.com/file[a-z].txt" Nested sequences are not supported, but you can use several ones next to "http://example.com/archive[1996-1999]/vol[1-4]/part{a,b,c}.html" You can specify a step counter for the ranges to get every Nth number or "http://example.com/file[1-100:10].txt" "http://example.com/file[a-z:2].txt" When using [] or {} sequences when invoked from a command line prompt, you probably have to put the full URL within double quotes to avoid the shell from interfering with it. This also goes for other characters treated special, like for example '&', '?' and '*'. Switch off globbing with --globoff. curl supports command line variables (added in 8.3.0). Set variables with --variable name=content or --variable name@file (where "file" can be stdin if set to a single dash (-)). Variable contents can be expanded in option parameters using "{{name}}" if the option name is prefixed with "--expand-". This gets the contents of the variable "name" inserted, or a blank if the name does not exist as a variable. Insert "{{" verbatim in the string by prefixing it with a You access and expand environment variables by first importing them. You select to either require the environment variable to be set or you can provide a default value in case it is not already set. Plain "--variable %name" imports the variable called "name" but exits with an error if that environment variable is not already set. To provide a default value if it is not set, use "--variable %name=content" or "--variable %name@content". Example. Get the USER environment variable into the URL, fail if USER is --expand-url = "https://example.com/api/{{USER}}/method" When expanding variables, curl supports a set of functions that can make the variable contents more convenient to use. It can trim leading and trailing white space with "trim", it can output the contents as a JSON quoted string with "json", URL encode the string with "url", base64 encode it with "b64" and base64 decode it with "64dec". To apply functions to a variable expansion, add them colon separated to the right side of the variable. Variable content holding null bytes that are not encoded when Example: get the contents of a file called $HOME/.secret into a variable called "fix". Make sure that the content is trimmed and percent-encoded --expand-variable fix@{{HOME}}/.secret --expand-data "{{fix:trim:url}}" Command line variables and expansions were added in 8.3.0. If not told otherwise, curl writes the received data to stdout. It can be instructed to instead save that data into a local file, using the --output or --remote-name options. If curl is given multiple URLs to transfer on the command line, it similarly needs multiple options for where to save curl does not parse or otherwise "understand" the content it gets or writes as output. It does no encoding or decoding, unless explicitly asked to with dedicated command line options. curl supports numerous protocols, or put in URL terms: schemes. Your particular build may not support them all. Lets you lookup words using online dictionaries. Read or write local files. curl does not support accessing file:// URL remotely, but when running on Microsoft Windows using the native UNC curl supports the File Transfer Protocol with a lot of tweaks and levers. With or without using TLS. curl supports HTTP with numerous options and variations. It can speak HTTP version 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 2 and 3 depending on build options and the correct command line options. Using the mail reading protocol, curl can download emails for you. curl can do directory lookups for you, with or without TLS. curl supports MQTT version 3. Downloading over MQTT equals subscribe to a topic while uploading/posting equals publish on a topic. MQTT over TLS is not supported (yet). Downloading from a pop3 server means getting a mail. With or without The Realtime Messaging Protocol is primarily used to serve streaming media and curl can download it. curl supports RTSP 1.0 downloads. curl supports SSH version 2 scp transfers. curl supports SFTP (draft 5) done over SSH version 2. curl supports SMB version 1 for upload and download. Uploading contents to an SMTP server means sending an email. With or Fetching a telnet URL starts an interactive session where it sends what it reads on stdin and outputs what the server sends it. curl can do TFTP downloads and uploads. WebSocket done over HTTP/1. WSS implies that it works over HTTPS. curl normally displays a progress meter during operations, indicating the amount of transferred data, transfer speeds and estimated time left, etc. The progress meter displays the transfer rate in bytes per second. The suffixes (k, M, G, T, P) are 1024 based. For example 1k is 1024 bytes. 1M curl displays this data to the terminal by default, so if you invoke curl to do an operation and it is about to write data to the terminal, it disables the progress meter as otherwise it would mess up the output mixing progress meter and response data. If you want a progress meter for HTTP POST or PUT requests, you need to redirect the response output to a file, using shell redirect (>), --output This does not apply to FTP upload as that operation does not spit out any response data to the terminal. If you prefer a progress bar instead of the regular meter, --progress-bar is your friend. You can also disable the progress meter completely with This man page describes curl 8.13.0. If you use a later version, chances are this man page does not fully document it. If you use an earlier version, this document tries to include version information about which specific version that introduced changes. You can always learn which the latest curl version is by running The online version of this man page is always showing the latest incarnation: https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html Options start with one or two dashes. Many of the options require an additional value next to them. If provided text does not start with a dash, it is presumed to be and treated as a URL. The short "single-dash" form of the options, -d for example, may be used with or without a space between it and its value, although a space is a recommended separator. The long double-dash form, --data for example, requires a space between it and its value. Short version options that do not need any additional values can be used immediately next to each other, like for example you can specify all the options -O, -L and -v at once as -OLv. In general, all boolean options are enabled with --option and yet again disabled with --no-option. That is, you use the same option name but prefix it with "no-". However, in this list we mostly only list and show the --option version of them. When --next is used, it resets the parser state and you start again with a clean option state, except for the options that are global. Global options retain their values and meaning even after --next. The first argument that is exactly two dashes ("--"), marks the end of options; any argument after the end of options is interpreted as a URL argument even if it starts with a dash. The following options are global: --fail-early, --libcurl, --parallel-immediate, --parallel-max, --parallel, --progress-bar, --rate, --show-error, --stderr, --styled-output, --trace-ascii, --trace-config, --trace-ids, --trace-time, --trace and --verbose. --abstract-unix-socket <path> (HTTP) Connect through an abstract Unix domain socket, instead of using the network. Note: netstat shows the path of an abstract socket prefixed with "@", however the <path> argument should not have this leading character. If --abstract-unix-socket is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --abstract-unix-socket socketpath https://example.com (HTTPS) Enable the alt-svc parser. If the filename points to an existing alt-svc cache file, that gets used. After a completed transfer, the cache is saved to the filename again if it has been Specify a "" filename (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and make curl just handle the cache in memory. If this option is used several times, curl loads contents from all the files but the last one is used for saving. --alt-svc can be used several times in a command line curl --alt-svc svc.txt https://example.com Added in 7.64.1. See also --resolve and --connect-to. (HTTP) Figure out authentication method automatically, and use the most secure one the remote site claims to support. This is done by first doing a request and checking the response-headers, thus possibly inducing an extra network round-trip. This option is used instead of setting a specific authentication method, which you can do with --basic, --digest, --ntlm, and --negotiate. Using --anyauth is not recommended if you do uploads from stdin, since it may require data to be sent twice and then the client must be able to rewind. If the need should arise when uploading from stdin, the upload operation fails. Used together with --user. Providing --anyauth multiple times has curl --anyauth --user me:pwd https://example.com See also --proxy-anyauth, --basic and --digest. (FTP SFTP) When used in an upload, this option makes curl append to the target file instead of overwriting it. If the remote file does not exist, it is created. Note that this flag is ignored by some SFTP servers (including OpenSSH). Providing --append multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-append. curl --upload-file local --append ftp://example.com/ See also --range and --continue-at. --aws-sigv4 <provider1[:prvdr2[:reg[:srv]]]> (HTTP) Use AWS V4 signature authentication in the transfer. The provider argument is a string that is used by the algorithm when creating outgoing authentication headers. The region argument is a string that points to a geographic area of a resources collection (region-code) when the region name is omitted from the endpoint. The service argument is a string that points to a function provided by a cloud (service-code) when the service name is omitted from the endpoint. If --aws-sigv4 is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --aws-sigv4 "aws:amz:us-east-2:es" --user "key:secret" \ Added in 7.75.0. See also --basic and --user. (HTTP) Use HTTP Basic authentication with the remote host. This method is the default and this option is usually pointless, unless you use it to override a previously set option that sets a different authentication method (such as --ntlm, --digest, or Used together with --user. Providing --basic multiple times has no curl -u name:password --basic https://example.com (TLS) Use the operating system's native CA store for certificate This option is independent of other CA certificate locations set at run time or build time. Those locations are searched in addition to the native CA store. This option works with OpenSSL and its forks (LibreSSL, BoringSSL, etc) on Windows. (Added in 7.71.0) This option works with wolfSSL on Windows, Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo, Fedora, RHEL), macOS, Android and iOS. (Added in 8.3.0) This option works with GnuTLS. (Added in 8.5.0) This options works with rustls on Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. On Linux it is equivalent to using the Mozilla CA certificate bundle. When used with rustls _only_ the native CA store is consulted, not other locations set at run time or build time. This option currently has no effect for Schannel or Secure Transport. Those are native TLS libraries from Microsoft and Apple, respectively, that by default use the native CA store for verification unless overridden by a CA certificate location setting. Providing --ca-native multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-ca-native. curl --ca-native https://example.com Added in 8.2.0. See also --cacert, --capath, --dump-ca-embed, --insecure and --proxy-ca-native. (TLS) Use the specified certificate file to verify the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates. The certificate(s) must be in PEM format. Normally curl is built to use a default file for this, so this option is typically used to alter that default file. curl recognizes the environment variable named 'CURL_CA_BUNDLE' if it is set and the TLS backend is not Schannel, and uses the given path as a path to a CA cert bundle. This option overrides that (Windows) curl automatically looks for a CA certs file named 'curl-ca-bundle.crt', either in the same directory as curl.exe, or in the Current Working Directory, or in any folder along your curl 8.11.0 added a build-time option to disable this search behavior, and another option to restrict search to the (iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport, then this option is supported for backward compatibility with other SSL engines, but it should not be set. If the option is not set, then curl uses the certificates in the system and user Keychain to verify the peer, which is the preferred method of verifying the peer's certificate chain. (Schannel only) This option is supported for Schannel in Windows 7 or later (added in 7.60.0). This option is supported for backward compatibility with other SSL engines; instead it is recommended to use Windows' store of root certificates (the default for Schannel). If --cacert is provided several times, the last set curl --cacert CA-file.txt https://example.com See also --capath, --dump-ca-embed and --insecure. (TLS) Use the specified certificate directory to verify the peer. Multiple paths can be provided by separated with colon (":") (e.g. "path1:path2:path3"). The certificates must be in PEM format, and if curl is built against OpenSSL, the directory must have been processed using the c_rehash utility supplied with OpenSSL. Using --capath can allow OpenSSL-powered curl to make SSL-connections much more efficiently than using --cacert if the --cacert file contains many CA certificates. If this option is set, the default capath value is ignored. If --capath is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --capath /local/directory https://example.com See also --cacert, --dump-ca-embed and --insecure. -E, --cert <certificate[:password]> (TLS) Use the specified client certificate file when getting a file with HTTPS, FTPS or another SSL-based protocol. The certificate must be in PKCS#12 format if using Secure Transport, or PEM format if using any other engine. If the optional password is not specified, it is queried for on the terminal. Note that this option assumes a certificate file that is the private key and the client certificate concatenated. See --cert and --key to specify them independently. In the <certificate> portion of the argument, you must escape the character ":" as "\:" so that it is not recognized as the password delimiter. Similarly, you must escape the double quote character as \" so that it is not recognized as an escape character. If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11 or pkcs11 provider is available, then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to specify a certificate located in a PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" is interpreted as a PKCS#11 URI. If a PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option is set as "pkcs11" if none was provided and the --cert-type option is set as "ENG" or "PROV" if none was provided (depending on OpenSSL If curl is built against GnuTLS library, a PKCS#11 URI can be used to specify a certificate located in a PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" is interpreted as a PKCS#11 URI. then the certificate string can either be the name of a certificate/private key in the system or user keychain, or the path to a PKCS#12-encoded certificate and private key. If you want to use a file from the current directory, please precede it with "./" prefix, in order to avoid confusion with a nickname. (Schannel only) Client certificates must be specified by a path expression to a certificate store. (Loading PFX is not supported; you can import it to a store first). You can use "<store location>\<store name>\<thumbprint>" to refer to a certificate in the system certificates store, for example, "CurrentUser\MY\934a7ac6f8a5d579285a74fa61e19f23ddfe8d7a". Thumbprint is usually a SHA-1 hex string which you can see in certificate details. Following store locations are supported: CurrentUser, LocalMachine, CurrentService, Services, CurrentUserGroupPolicy, LocalMachineGroupPolicy and LocalMachineEnterprise. If --cert is provided several times, the curl --cert certfile --key keyfile https://example.com See also --cert-type, --key and --key-type. (TLS) Verify the status of the server certificate by using the Certificate Status Request (aka. OCSP stapling) TLS extension. If this option is enabled and the server sends an invalid (e.g. expired) response, if the response suggests that the server certificate has been revoked, or no response at all is received, This support is currently only implemented in the OpenSSL and GnuTLS backends. Providing --cert-status multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-cert-status. curl --cert-status https://example.com See also --pinnedpubkey. (TLS) Set type of the provided client certificate. PEM, DER, ENG, PROV and P12 are recognized types. The default type depends on the TLS backend and is usually PEM, however for Secure Transport and Schannel it is P12. If --cert is a pkcs11: URI then ENG or PROV is the default type (depending on OpenSSL version). If --cert-type is provided several times, the curl --cert-type PEM --cert file https://example.com See also --cert, --key and --key-type. (TLS) Specify which cipher suites to use in the connection if it negotiates TLS 1.2 (1.1, 1.0). The list of ciphers suites must specify valid ciphers. Read up on cipher suite details on this https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html If --ciphers is provided curl --ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:\ ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 https://example.com See also --tls13-ciphers, --proxy-ciphers and --curves. (HTTP) Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms curl supports, and automatically decompress the content. Response headers are not modified when saved, so if they are "interpreted" separately again at a later point they might appear to be saying that the content is (still) compressed; while in fact it has already been decompressed. If this option is used and the server sends an unsupported encoding, curl reports an error. This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not deliver data compressed. Providing --compressed multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --compressed https://example.com See also --compressed-ssh. (SCP SFTP) Enable SSH compression. This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not do it. Providing --compressed-ssh multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with curl --compressed-ssh sftp://example.com/ Specify a text file to read curl arguments from. The command line arguments found in the text file are used as if they were provided Options and their parameters must be specified on the same line in the file, separated by whitespace, colon, or the equals sign. Long option names can optionally be given in the config file without the initial double dashes and if so, the colon or equals characters can be used as separators. If the option is specified with one or two dashes, there can be no colon or equals character between the option and its parameter. If the parameter contains whitespace or starts with a colon (:) or equals sign (=), it must be specified enclosed within double quotes ("like this"). Within double quotes the following escape sequences are available: \\, \", \t, \n, \r and \v. A backslash preceding any other letter is ignored. If the first non-blank column of a config line is a '#' character, that line is treated as a comment. Only write one option per physical line in the config file. A single line is required to be no more than 10 megabytes (since Specify the filename to --config as minus "-" to make curl read Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you need to specify it using the --url option, and not by simply writing the URL on its own line. So, it could look similar to this: url = "https://curl.se/docs/" user-agent = "superagent/1.0" # and fetch another URL too url = "example.com/docs/manpage.html" referer = "http://nowhereatall.example.com/" # --- End of example file --- When curl is invoked, it (unless --disable is used) checks for a default config file and uses it if found, even when --config is used. The default config file is checked for in the following 2) "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/curlrc" (Added in 7.73.0) 4) Windows: "%USERPROFILE%\.curlrc" 5) Windows: "%APPDATA%\.curlrc" 6) Windows: "%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\.curlrc" 7) Non-Windows: use getpwuid to find the home directory 8) On Windows, if it finds no .curlrc file in the sequence described above, it checks for one in the same directory the curl On Windows two filenames are checked per location: .curlrc and _curlrc, preferring the former. Older versions on Windows checked for _curlrc only. --config can be used several times in a command curl --config file.txt https://example.com --connect-timeout <seconds> Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl's connection to take. This only limits the connection phase, so if curl connects within the given period it continues - if not it exits. This option accepts decimal values. The decimal value needs to be provided using a dot (.) as decimal separator - not the local version even if it might be using another separator. The connection phase is considered complete when the DNS lookup and requested TCP, TLS or QUIC handshakes are done. If --connect-timeout is provided several times, the last set value is curl --connect-timeout 20 https://example.com curl --connect-timeout 3.14 https://example.com --connect-to <HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2> For a request intended for the "HOST1:PORT1" pair, connect to "HOST2:PORT2" instead. This option is only used to establish the network connection. It does NOT affect the hostname/port number that is used for TLS/SSL (e.g. SNI, certificate verification) or for the application protocols. "HOST1" and "PORT1" may be empty strings, meaning any host or any port number. "HOST2" and "PORT2" may also be empty strings, meaning use the request's original hostname and port number. A hostname specified to this option is compared as a string, so it needs to match the name used in request URL. It can be either numerical such as "127.0.0.1" or the full host name such as Example: redirect connects from the example.com hostname to 127.0.0.1 independently of port number: curl --connect-to example.com::127.0.0.1: https://example.com/ Example: redirect connects from all hostnames to 127.0.0.1 independently of port number: curl --connect-to ::127.0.0.1: http://example.com/ --connect-to can be used several times in a command line curl --connect-to example.com:443:example.net:8443 \ See also --resolve and --header. -C, --continue-at <offset> Resume a previous transfer from the given byte offset. The given offset is the exact number of bytes that are skipped, counting from the beginning of the source file before it is transferred to the destination. If used with uploads, the FTP server command SIZE Use "-C -" to instruct curl to automatically find out where/how to resume the transfer. It then uses the given output/input files to This command line option is mutually exclusive with --range: you can only use one of them for a single transfer. The --no-clobber and --remove-on-error options cannot be used together with --continue-at. If --continue-at is provided several curl -C - https://example.com curl -C 400 https://example.com -b, --cookie <data|filename> (HTTP) This option has two slightly separate cookie sending Either: pass the exact data to send to the HTTP server in the Cookie header. It is supposedly data previously received from the server in a "Set-Cookie:" line. The data should be in the format "NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2". When given a set of specific cookies, curl populates its cookie header with this content explicitly in all outgoing request(s). If multiple requests are done due to authentication, followed redirects or similar, they all get this cookie header passed on. Or: If no "=" symbol is used in the argument, it is instead treated as a filename to read previously stored cookie from. This option also activates the cookie engine which makes curl record incoming cookies, which may be handy if you are using this in combination with the --location option or do multiple URL transfers on the same invoke. If the filename is a single minus ("-"), curl reads the contents from stdin. If the filename is an empty string ("") and is the only cookie input, curl activates the cookie engine without any The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers (Set-Cookie style) or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie The file specified with --cookie is only used as input. No cookies are written to that file. To store cookies, use the --cookie-jar If you use the Set-Cookie file format and do not specify a domain then the cookie is not sent since the domain never matches. To address this, set a domain in Set-Cookie line (doing that includes subdomains) or preferably: use the Netscape format. Users often want to both read cookies from a file and write updated cookies back to a file, so using both --cookie and --cookie-jar in the same command line is common. If curl is built with PSL (Public Suffix List) support, it detects and discards cookies that are specified for such suffix domains that should not be allowed to have cookies. If curl is not built with PSL support, it has no ability to stop super cookies. --cookie can be used several times in a command line curl -b "" https://example.com curl -b cookiefile https://example.com curl -b cookiefile -c cookiefile https://example.com curl -b name=Jane https://example.com See also --cookie-jar and --junk-session-cookies. -c, --cookie-jar <filename> (HTTP) Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies after a completed operation. curl writes all cookies from its in-memory cookie storage to the given file at the end of operations. Even if no cookies are known, a file is created so that it removes any formerly existing cookies from the file. The file uses the Netscape cookie file format. If you set the filename to a single minus, "-", the cookies are written to stdout. The file specified with --cookie-jar is only used for output. No cookies are read from the file. To read cookies, use the --cookie option. Both options can specify the same file. This command line option activates the cookie engine that makes curl record and use cookies. The --cookie option also activates If the cookie jar cannot be created or written to, the whole curl operation does not fail or even report an error clearly. Using --verbose gets a warning displayed, but that is the only visible feedback you get about this possibly lethal situation. If --cookie-jar is provided several times, the last set value is curl -c store-here.txt https://example.com curl -c store-here.txt -b read-these https://example.com See also --cookie and --junk-session-cookies. When used in conjunction with the --output option, curl creates the necessary local directory hierarchy as needed. This option creates the directories mentioned with the --output option combined with the path possibly set with --output-dir. If the combined output filename uses no directory, or if the directories it mentions already exist, no directories are created. Created directories are made with mode 0750 on Unix-style file To create remote directories when using FTP or SFTP, try --ftp-create-dirs. Providing --create-dirs multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-create-dirs. curl --create-dirs --output local/dir/file https://example.com See also --ftp-create-dirs and --output-dir. --create-file-mode <mode> (SFTP SCP FILE) When curl is used to create files remotely using one of the supported protocols, this option allows the user to set which 'mode' to set on the file at creation time, instead of the This option takes an octal number as argument. If --create-file-mode is provided several times, the last set value curl --create-file-mode 0777 -T localfile sftp://example.com/new Added in 7.75.0. See also --ftp-create-dirs. (FTP SMTP) Convert line feeds to carriage return plus line feeds in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390). Providing --crlf multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-crlf. curl --crlf -T file ftp://example.com/ (TLS) Provide a file using PEM format with a Certificate Revocation List that may specify peer certificates that are to be considered revoked. If --crlfile is provided several times, the curl --crlfile rejects.txt https://example.com See also --cacert and --capath. (TLS) Set specific curves to use during SSL session establishment according to RFC 8422, 5.1. Multiple algorithms can be provided by separating them with ":" (e.g. "X25519:P-521"). The parameter is available identically in the OpenSSL "s_client" and "s_server" --curves allows a OpenSSL powered curl to make SSL-connections with exactly the (EC) curve requested by the client, avoiding nontransparent client/server negotiations. If this option is set, the default curves list built into OpenSSL are ignored. If --curves is provided several times, the last set curl --curves X25519 https://example.com Added in 7.73.0. See also --ciphers. (HTTP MQTT) Send the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in the same way that a browser does when a user has filled in an HTML form and presses the submit button. This option makes curl pass the data to the server using the content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to --form. --data-raw is almost the same but does not have a special interpretation of the @ character. To post data purely binary, you should instead use the --data-binary option. To URL-encode the value of a form field you may use --data-urlencode. If any of these options is used more than once on the same command line, the data pieces specified are merged with a separating &-symbol. Thus, using '-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy' would generate a post chunk that looks like 'name=daniel&skill=lousy'. If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a filename to read the data from, or - if you want curl to read the data from stdin. Posting data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with --data @foobar. When --data is told to read from a file like that, carriage returns, newlines and null bytes are stripped out. If you do not want the @ character to have a special interpretation use --data-raw instead. The data for this option is passed on to the server exactly as provided on the command line. curl does not convert, change or improve it. It is up to the user to provide the data in the correct form. --data can be used several times in a command line curl -d "name=curl" https://example.com curl -d "name=curl" -d "tool=cmdline" https://example.com curl -d @filename https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --form, --head and --upload-file. See also --data-binary, --data-urlencode and (HTTP) This option is just an alias for --data. --data-ascii can be used several times in a command line curl --data-ascii @file https://example.com See also --data-binary, --data-raw and --data-urlencode. (HTTP) Post data exactly as specified with no extra processing filename. "@-" makes curl read the data from stdin. Data is posted in a similar manner as --data does, except that newlines and carriage returns are preserved and conversions are never done. Like --data the default content-type sent to the server is application/x-www-form-urlencoded. If you want the data to be treated as arbitrary binary data by the server then set the content-type to octet-stream: -H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream". If this option is used several times, the ones following the first append data as described in --data. --data-binary can be used several times in a command line curl --data-binary @filename https://example.com (HTTP) Post data similarly to --data but without the special interpretation of the @ character. --data-raw can be used several curl --data-raw "hello" https://example.com curl --data-raw "@at@at@" https://example.com (HTTP) Post data, similar to the other --data options with the exception that this performs URL-encoding. To be CGI-compliant, the <data> part should begin with a name followed by a separator and a content specification. The <data> part can be passed to curl using one of the following syntaxes: URL-encode the content and pass that on. Just be careful so that the content does not contain any "=" or "@" symbols, as that makes the syntax match one of the other cases below. URL-encode the content and pass that on. The preceding "=" symbol is not included in the data. URL-encode the content part and pass that on. Note that the name part is expected to be URL-encoded already. load data from the given file (including any newlines), URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST. Using "@-" makes curl read the data from stdin. URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST. The name part gets an equal sign appended, resulting in name=urlencoded-file-content. Note that the name is expected --data-urlencode can be used several times in a command line curl --data-urlencode name=val https://example.com curl --data-urlencode =encodethis https://example.com curl --data-urlencode name@file https://example.com curl --data-urlencode @fileonly https://example.com See also --data and --data-raw. (GSS/kerberos) Set LEVEL what curl is allowed to delegate when it comes to user credentials. Do not allow any delegation. Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set in the Kerberos service ticket, which is a matter of realm policy. Unconditionally allow the server to delegate. If --delegation is provided several times, the last set value is curl --delegation "none" https://example.com See also --insecure and --ssl. (HTTP) Enable HTTP Digest authentication. This authentication scheme avoids sending the password over the wire in clear text. Use this in combination with the normal --user option to set username and password. Providing --digest multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-digest. curl -u name:password --digest https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --basic, --ntlm and --negotiate. See also --user, --proxy-digest and --anyauth. If used as the first parameter on the command line, the curlrc config file is not read or used. See the --config for details on the default config file search path. Providing --disable multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-disable. curl -q https://example.com (FTP) Disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands when doing active FTP transfers. curl normally first attempts to use EPRT before using PORT, but with this option, it uses PORT right away. EPRT is an extension to the original FTP protocol, and does not work on all servers, but enables more functionality in a better way than the traditional PORT command. --eprt can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and --no-eprt is an alias for --disable-eprt. If the server is accessed using IPv6, this option has no effect as Disabling EPRT only changes the active behavior. If you want to switch to passive mode you need to not use --ftp-port or force it with --ftp-pasv. Providing --disable-eprt multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-disable-eprt. curl --disable-eprt ftp://example.com/ See also --disable-epsv and --ftp-port. (FTP) Disable the use of the EPSV command when doing passive FTP transfers. curl normally first attempts to use EPSV before PASV, but with this option, it does not try EPSV. --epsv can be used to explicitly enable EPSV again and --no-epsv is an alias for --disable-epsv. If the server is an IPv6 host, this option has no effect as EPSV Disabling EPSV only changes the passive behavior. If you want to switch to active mode you need to use --ftp-port. Providing --disable-epsv multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-disable-epsv. curl --disable-epsv ftp://example.com/ See also --disable-eprt and --ftp-port. --disallow-username-in-url Exit with error if passed a URL containing a username. Probably most useful when the URL is being provided at runtime or similar. Providing --disallow-username-in-url multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-disallow-username-in-url. curl --disallow-username-in-url https://example.com Added in 7.61.0. See also --proto. --dns-interface <interface> (DNS) Send outgoing DNS requests through the given interface. This option is a counterpart to --interface (which does not affect DNS). The supplied string must be an interface name (not an address). If --dns-interface is provided several times, the last curl --dns-interface eth0 https://example.com --dns-interface requires that libcurl is built to support c-ares. See also --dns-ipv4-addr and --dns-ipv6-addr. --dns-ipv4-addr <address> (DNS) Bind to a specific IP address when making IPv4 DNS requests, so that the DNS requests originate from this address. The argument should be a single IPv4 address. If --dns-ipv4-addr is provided curl --dns-ipv4-addr 10.1.2.3 https://example.com --dns-ipv4-addr requires that libcurl is built to support c-ares. See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv6-addr. --dns-ipv6-addr <address> (DNS) Bind to a specific IP address when making IPv6 DNS requests, should be a single IPv6 address. If --dns-ipv6-addr is provided curl --dns-ipv6-addr 2a04:4e42::561 https://example.com --dns-ipv6-addr requires that libcurl is built to support c-ares. See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv4-addr. --dns-servers <addresses> (DNS) Set the list of DNS servers to be used instead of the system default. The list of IP addresses should be separated with commas. Port numbers may also optionally be given, appended to the IP address separated with a colon. If --dns-servers is provided curl --dns-servers 192.168.0.1,192.168.0.2 https://example.com curl --dns-servers 10.0.0.1:53 https://example.com --dns-servers requires that libcurl is built to support c-ares. Same as --cert-status but used for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS). Verify the status of the DoH servers' certificate by using the If this option is enabled and the DoH server sends an invalid (e.g. expired) response, if the response suggests that the server GnuTLS backends. Providing --doh-cert-status multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-doh-cert-status. curl --doh-cert-status --doh-url https://doh.example \ Added in 7.76.0. See also --doh-insecure. By default, every connection curl makes to a DoH server is verified to be secure before the transfer takes place. This option tells curl to skip the verification step and proceed without WARNING: using this option makes the DoH transfer and name This option is equivalent to --insecure and --proxy-insecure but used for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS) only. Providing --doh-insecure curl --doh-insecure --doh-url https://doh.example \ Added in 7.76.0. See also --doh-url, --insecure and Specify which DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) server to use to resolve hostnames, instead of using the default name resolver mechanism. Some SSL options that you set for your transfer also applies to DoH since the name lookups take place over SSL. However, the certificate verification settings are not inherited but are controlled separately via --doh-insecure and --doh-cert-status. By default, DoH is bypassed when initially looking up DNS records of the DoH server. You can specify the IP address(es) of the DoH server with --resolve to avoid this. This option is unset if an empty string "" is used as the URL. (Added in 7.85.0) If --doh-url is provided several times, the last curl --doh-url https://doh.example https://example.com curl --doh-url https://doh.example --resolve \ doh.example:443:192.0.2.1 https://example.com Added in 7.62.0. See also --doh-insecure. (TLS) Write the CA bundle embedded in curl to standard output, If curl was not built with a default CA bundle embedded, the output is empty. Providing --dump-ca-embed multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-dump-ca-embed. Added in 8.10.0. See also --ca-native, --cacert, --capath, --proxy-ca-native, --proxy-cacert and --proxy-capath. -D, --dump-header <filename> (HTTP FTP) Write the received protocol headers to the specified file. If no headers are received, the use of this option creates an empty file. Specify "-" as filename (a single minus) to have it Starting in curl 8.10.0, specify "%" (a single percent sign) as filename writes the output to stderr. When used in FTP, the FTP server response lines are considered being "headers" and thus are saved there. Starting in curl 8.11.0, using the --create-dirs option can also create missing directory components for the path provided in Having multiple transfers in one set of operations (i.e. the URLs in one --next clause), appends them to the same file, separated by a blank line. If --dump-header is provided several times, the last curl --dump-header store.txt https://example.com curl --dump-header - https://example.com -o save (HTTPS) Specify how to do ECH (Encrypted Client Hello). The values allowed for <config> can be: Do not attempt ECH. The is the default. Send a GREASE ECH extension Attempt ECH if possible, but do not fail if ECH is not attempted. (The connection fails if ECH is attempted but Attempt ECH and fail if that is not possible. ECH only works with TLS 1.3 and also requires using DoH or providing an ECHConfigList on the command line. A base64 encoded ECHConfigList that is used for ECH. A name to use to over-ride the "public_name" field of an ECHConfigList (only available with OpenSSL TLS support) Most ECH related errors cause error CURLE_ECH_REQUIRED (101). If --ech is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --ech true https://example.com Added in 8.8.0. See also --doh-url. (TLS) Deprecated option (added in 7.84.0). Prior to that it only had an effect on curl if built to use old versions of OpenSSL. Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon socket. The socket is used to seed the random engine for SSL connections. If --egd-file is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --egd-file /random/here https://example.com (TLS) Select the OpenSSL crypto engine to use for cipher operations. Use --engine list to print a list of build-time supported engines. Note that not all (and possibly none) of the engines may be available at runtime. If --engine is provided curl --engine flavor https://example.com See also --ciphers and --curves. (HTTP) Make a conditional HTTP request for the specific ETag read from the given file by sending a custom If-None-Match header using For correct results, make sure that the specified file contains only a single line with the desired ETag. A non-existing or empty file is treated as an empty ETag. Use the option --etag-save to first save the ETag from a response, and then use this option to compare against the saved ETag in a Use this option with a single URL only. If --etag-compare is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --etag-compare etag.txt https://example.com Added in 7.68.0. See also --etag-save and --time-cond. (HTTP) Save an HTTP ETag to the specified file. An ETag is a caching related header, usually returned in a response. Use this option with a single URL only. If no ETag is sent by the server, an empty file is created. Starting in curl 8.12.0, using the --create-dirs option can also --etag-save. If --etag-save is provided several times, the last curl --etag-save storetag.txt https://example.com Added in 7.68.0. See also --etag-compare. --expect100-timeout <seconds> (HTTP) Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl to wait for a 100-continue response when curl emits an Expects: 100-continue header in its request. By default curl waits one second. This option accepts decimal values. When curl stops waiting, it continues as if a response was received. The decimal value needs to be provided using a dot (".") as decimal separator - not the local version even if it might be using another separator. If --expect100-timeout is provided curl --expect100-timeout 2.5 -T file https://example.com See also --connect-timeout. (HTTP) Fail with error code 22 and with no response body output at all for HTTP transfers returning HTTP response codes at 400 or In normal cases when an HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns a body of text stating so (which often also describes why and more) and a 4xx HTTP response code. This command line option prevents curl from outputting that data and instead returns error 22 early. By default, curl does not consider HTTP response codes to indicate failure. To get both the error code and also save the content, use --fail-with-body instead. This method is not fail-safe and there are occasions where non-successful response codes slip through, especially when authentication is involved (response codes 401 and 407). Providing --fail multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with curl --fail https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --fail-with-body. See also --fail-with-body and --fail-early. Fail and exit on the first detected transfer error. When curl is used to do multiple transfers on the command line, it attempts to operate on each given URL, one by one. By default, it ignores errors if there are more URLs given and the last URL's success determines the error code curl returns. Early failures are "hidden" by subsequent successful transfers. Using this option, curl instead returns an error on the first transfer that fails, independent of the amount of URLs that are given on the command line. This way, no transfer failures go undetected by scripts and similar. This option does not imply --fail, which causes transfers to fail due to the server's HTTP status code. You can combine the two options, however note --fail is not global and is therefore This option is global and does not need to be specified for each use of --next. Providing --fail-early multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-fail-early. curl --fail-early https://example.com https://two.example See also --fail and --fail-with-body. (HTTP) Return an error on server errors where the HTTP response code is 400 or greater). In normal cases when an HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns an HTML document stating so (which often also describes why and more). This option allows curl to output and save that content but also to return error 22. This is an alternative option to --fail which makes curl fail for the same circumstances but without saving the content. Providing --fail-with-body multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-fail-with-body. curl --fail-with-body https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --fail. Added in 7.76.0. See also --fail and --fail-early. (TLS) Use false start during the TLS handshake. False start is a mode where a TLS client starts sending application data before verifying the server's Finished message, thus saving a round trip when performing a full handshake. This functionality is currently only implemented in the Secure Transport (on iOS 7.0 or later, or macOS 10.9 or later) backend. Providing --false-start multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-false-start. curl --false-start https://example.com See also --tcp-fastopen. -F, --form <name=content> (HTTP SMTP IMAP) For the HTTP protocol family, emulate a filled-in form in which a user has pressed the submit button. This makes curl POST data using the Content-Type multipart/form-data For SMTP and IMAP protocols, this composes a multipart mail This enables uploading of binary files etc. To force the 'content' part to be a file, prefix the filename with an @ sign. To just get the content part from a file, prefix the filename with the symbol <. The difference between @ and < is then that @ makes a file get attached in the post as a file upload, while the < makes a text field and just get the contents for that text field from a file. Read content from stdin instead of a file by using a single "-" as filename. This goes for both @ and < constructs. When stdin is used, the contents is buffered in memory first by curl to determine its size and allow a possible resend. Defining a part's data from a named non-regular file (such as a named pipe or similar) is not subject to buffering and is instead read at transmission time; since the full size is unknown before the transfer starts, such data is sent as chunks by HTTP and rejected Example: send an image to an HTTP server, where 'profile' is the name of the form-field to which the file portrait.jpg is the curl -F profile=@portrait.jpg https://example.com/upload.cgi Example: send your name and shoe size in two text fields to the curl -F name=John -F shoesize=11 https://example.com/ Example: send your essay in a text field to the server. Send it as a plain text field, but get the contents for it from a local file: curl -F "story=<hugefile.txt" https://example.com/ You can also instruct curl what Content-Type to use by using "type=", in a manner similar to: curl -F "web=@index.html;type=text/html" example.com curl -F "name=daniel;type=text/foo" example.com You can also explicitly change the name field of a file upload part by setting filename=, like this: curl -F "file=@localfile;filename=nameinpost" example.com If filename/path contains ',' or ';', it must be quoted by curl -F "file=@\"local,file\";filename=\"name;in;post\"" \ curl -F 'file=@"local,file";filename="name;in;post"' \ Note that if a filename/path is quoted by double-quotes, any double-quote or backslash within the filename must be escaped by Quoting must also be applied to non-file data if it contains semicolons, leading/trailing spaces or leading double quotes: curl -F 'colors="red; green; blue";type=text/x-myapp' \ You can add custom headers to the field by setting headers=, like curl -F "submit=OK;headers=\"X-submit-type: OK\"" example.com curl -F "submit=OK;headers=@headerfile" example.com The headers= keyword may appear more that once and above notes about quoting apply. When headers are read from a file, Empty lines and lines starting with '#' are comments and ignored; each header can be folded by splitting between two words and starting the continuation line with a space; embedded carriage-returns and trailing spaces are stripped. Here is an example of a header file # This file contain two headers. X-header-1: this is a header # The following header is folded. To support sending multipart mail messages, the syntax is extended - name can be omitted: the equal sign is the first character of - if data starts with '(', this signals to start a new multipart: it can be followed by a content type specification. - a multipart can be terminated with a '=)' argument. Example: the following command sends an SMTP mime email consisting in an inline part in two alternative formats: plain text and HTML. curl -F '=(;type=multipart/alternative' \ -F '=plain text message' \ -F '= <body>HTML message</body>;type=text/html' \ -F '=)' -F '=@textfile.txt' ... smtp://example.com Data can be encoded for transfer using encoder=. Available encodings are binary and 8bit that do nothing else than adding the corresponding Content-Transfer-Encoding header, 7bit that only rejects 8-bit characters with a transfer error, quoted-printable and base64 that encodes data according to the corresponding schemes, limiting lines length to 76 characters. Example: send multipart mail with a quoted-printable text message and a base64 attached file: curl -F '=text message;encoder=quoted-printable' \ -F '=@localfile;encoder=base64' ... smtp://example.com See further examples and details in the MANUAL. --form can be used curl --form "name=curl" --form "file=@loadthis" \ This option is mutually exclusive with --data, --head and --upload-file. See also --data, --form-string and --form-escape. (HTTP imap smtp) Pass on names of multipart form fields and files using backslash-escaping instead of percent-encoding. If --form-escape is provided several times, the last set value is curl --form-escape -F 'field\name=curl' -F 'file=@load"this' \ Added in 7.81.0. See also --form. --form-string <name=string> (HTTP SMTP IMAP) Similar to --form except that the value string for the named parameter is used literally. Leading @ and < characters, and the ";type=" string in the value have no special meaning. Use this in preference to --form if there is any possibility that the string value may accidentally trigger the @ or < features of --form. --form-string can be used several times curl --form-string "name=data" https://example.com (FTP) When an FTP server asks for "account data" after username and password has been provided, this data is sent off using the ACCT command. If --ftp-account is provided several times, the last curl --ftp-account "mr.robot" ftp://example.com/ --ftp-alternative-to-user <command> (FTP) If authenticating with the USER and PASS commands fails, send this command. When connecting to Tumbleweed's Secure Transport server over FTPS using a client certificate, using "SITE AUTH" tells the server to retrieve the username from the certificate. If --ftp-alternative-to-user is provided several curl --ftp-alternative-to-user "U53r" ftp://example.com See also --ftp-account and --user. (FTP SFTP) When an FTP or SFTP URL/operation uses a path that does not currently exist on the server, the standard behavior of curl is to fail. Using this option, curl instead attempts to create missing directories. Providing --ftp-create-dirs multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-ftp-create-dirs. curl --ftp-create-dirs -T file ftp://example.com/remote/path/file (FTP) Control what method curl should use to reach a file on an FTP(S) server. The method argument should be one of the following Do a single CWD operation for each path part in the given URL. For deep hierarchies this means many commands. This is how RFC 1738 says it should be done. This is the default but the Do no CWD at all. curl does SIZE, RETR, STOR etc and gives the full path to the server for each of these commands. This is Do one CWD with the full target directory and then operate on the file "normally" (like in the multicwd case). This is somewhat more standards compliant than "nocwd" but without the If --ftp-method is provided several times, the last set value is curl --ftp-method multicwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file curl --ftp-method nocwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file curl --ftp-method singlecwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file (FTP) Use passive mode for the data connection. Passive is the internal default behavior, but using this option can be used to override a previous --ftp-port option. Reversing an enforced passive really is not doable but you must then instead enforce the correct --ftp-port again. Passive mode means that curl tries the EPSV command first and then PASV, unless --disable-epsv is used. Providing --ftp-pasv multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-ftp-pasv. curl --ftp-pasv ftp://example.com/ See also --disable-epsv. (FTP) Reverse the default initiator/listener roles when connecting with FTP. This option makes curl use active mode. curl then commands the server to connect back to the client's specified address and port, while passive mode asks the server to setup an IP address and port for it to connect to. <address> should be one e.g. eth0 to specify which interface's IP address you want to e.g. 192.168.10.1 to specify the exact IP address e.g. my.host.domain to specify the machine make curl pick the same IP address that is already used for the control connection. This is the recommended choice. Disable the use of PORT with --ftp-pasv. Disable the attempt to use the EPRT command instead of PORT by using --disable-eprt. EPRT is really PORT++. You can also append ":[start]-[end]" to the right of the address, to tell curl what TCP port range to use. That means you specify a port range, from a lower to a higher number. A single number works as well, but do note that it increases the risk of failure since the port may not be available. If --ftp-port is provided several times, the last set value is curl -P - ftp:/example.com curl -P eth0 ftp:/example.com curl -P 192.168.0.2 ftp:/example.com See also --ftp-pasv and --disable-eprt. (FTP) Send a PRET command before PASV (and EPSV). Certain FTP servers, mainly drftpd, require this non-standard command for directory listings as well as up and downloads in PASV mode. Providing --ftp-pret multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-ftp-pret. curl --ftp-pret ftp://example.com/ See also --ftp-port and --ftp-pasv. (FTP) Do not use the IP address the server suggests in its response to curl's PASV command when curl connects the data connection. Instead curl reuses the same IP address it already uses for the control connection. This option is enabled by default (added in 7.74.0). This option has no effect if PORT, EPRT or EPSV is used instead of PASV. Providing --ftp-skip-pasv-ip multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-ftp-skip-pasv-ip. curl --ftp-skip-pasv-ip ftp://example.com/ (FTP) Use CCC (Clear Command Channel) Shuts down the SSL/TLS layer after authenticating. The rest of the control channel communication is be unencrypted. This allows NAT routers to follow the FTP transaction. The default mode is passive. Providing --ftp-ssl-ccc multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --ftp-ssl-ccc ftps://example.com/ See also --ssl and --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode. --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode <active/passive> (FTP) Set the CCC mode. The passive mode does not initiate the shutdown, but instead waits for the server to do it, and does not reply to the shutdown from the server. The active mode initiates the shutdown and waits for a reply from the server. Providing --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-ftp-ssl-ccc-mode. curl --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode active --ftp-ssl-ccc ftps://example.com/ (FTP) Require SSL/TLS for the FTP login, clear for transfer. Allows secure authentication, but non-encrypted data transfers for efficiency. Fails the transfer if the server does not support SSL/TLS. Providing --ftp-ssl-control multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-ftp-ssl-control. curl --ftp-ssl-control ftp://example.com (HTTP) When used, this option makes all data specified with --data, --data-binary or --data-urlencode to be used in an HTTP GET request instead of the POST request that otherwise would be used. curl appends the provided data to the URL as a query string. If used in combination with --head, the POST data is instead appended to the URL with a HEAD request. Providing --get multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-get. curl --get https://example.com curl --get -d "tool=curl" -d "age=old" https://example.com curl --get -I -d "tool=curl" https://example.com See also --data and --request. Switch off the URL globbing function. When you set this option, you can specify URLs that contain the letters {}[] without having curl itself interpret them. Note that these letters are not normal legal URL contents but they should be encoded according to the URI standard. Providing --globoff multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-globoff. curl -g "https://example.com/{[]}}}}" See also --config and --disable. --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms <ms> Set the timeout for Happy Eyeballs. Happy Eyeballs is an algorithm that attempts to connect to both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for dual-stack hosts, giving IPv6 a head-start of the specified number of milliseconds. If the IPv6 address cannot be connected to within that time, then a connection attempt is made to the IPv4 address in parallel. The first connection to be established is the one that is used. The range of suggested useful values is limited. Happy Eyeballs RFC 6555 says "It is RECOMMENDED that connection attempts be paced 150-250 ms apart to balance human factors against network load." libcurl currently defaults to 200 ms. Firefox and Chrome currently default to 300 ms. If --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms is provided curl --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms 500 https://example.com See also --max-time and --connect-timeout. (HTTP) Set a client IP in HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header at the beginning of the connection. For valid requests, IPv4 addresses must be indicated as a series of exactly 4 integers in the range [0..255] inclusive written in decimal representation separated by exactly one dot between each other. Heading zeroes are not permitted in front of numbers in order to avoid any possible confusion with octal numbers. IPv6 addresses must be indicated as series of 4 hexadecimal digits (upper or lower case) delimited by colons between each other, with the acceptance of one double colon sequence to replace the largest acceptable range of consecutive zeroes. The total number of decoded bits must exactly be 128. Otherwise, any string can be accepted for the client IP and get It replaces --haproxy-protocol if used, it is not necessary to specify both flags. If --haproxy-clientip is provided several curl --haproxy-clientip $IP Added in 8.2.0. See also --proxy. (HTTP) Send a HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header at the beginning of the connection. This is used by some load balancers and reverse proxies to indicate the client's true IP address and port. This option is primarily useful when sending test requests to a service that expects this header. Providing --haproxy-protocol curl --haproxy-protocol https://example.com Added in 7.60.0. See also --proxy. (HTTP FTP FILE) Fetch the headers only. HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but the header of a document. When used on an FTP or FILE URL, curl displays the file size and last modification time only. Providing --head multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-head. curl -I https://example.com See also --get, --verbose and --trace-ascii. -H, --header <header/@file> (HTTP IMAP SMTP) Extra header to include in information sent. When used within an HTTP request, it is added to the regular request For an IMAP or SMTP MIME uploaded mail built with --form options, it is prepended to the resulting MIME document, effectively including it at the mail global level. It does not affect raw You may specify any number of extra headers. Note that if you should add a custom header that has the same name as one of the internal ones curl would use, your externally set header is used instead of the internal one. This allows you to make even trickier stuff than curl would normally do. You should not replace internally set headers without knowing perfectly well what you are doing. Remove an internal header by giving a replacement without content on the right side of the colon, as in: -H "Host:". If you send the custom header with no-value then its header must be terminated with a semicolon, such as -H "X-Custom-Header;" to send curl makes sure that each header you add/replace is sent with the proper end-of-line marker, you should thus not add that as a part of the header content: do not add newlines or carriage returns, they only mess things up for you. curl passes on the verbatim string you give it without any filter or other safe guards. That includes white space and control characters. This option can take an argument in @filename style, which then adds a header for each line in the input file. Using @- makes curl read the header file from stdin. Please note that most anti-spam utilities check the presence and value of several MIME mail headers: these are "From:", "To:", "Date:" and "Subject:" among others and should be added with this You need --proxy-header to send custom headers intended for an Passing on a "Transfer-Encoding: chunked" header when doing an HTTP request with a request body, makes curl send the data using WARNING: headers set with this option are set in all HTTP requests - even after redirects are followed, like when told with --location. This can lead to the header being sent to other hosts than the original host, so sensitive headers should be used with caution combined with following redirects. "Authorization:" and "Cookie:" headers are explicitly not passed on in HTTP requests when following redirects to other origins, unless --location-trusted is used. --header can be used several curl -H "X-First-Name: Joe" https://example.com curl -H "User-Agent: yes-please/2000" https://example.com curl -H "Host:" https://example.com curl -H @headers.txt https://example.com See also --user-agent and --referer. Usage help. Provide help for the subject given as an optional If no argument is provided, curl displays the most important The argument can either be a category or a command line option. When a category is provided, curl shows all command line options within the given category. Specify category "all" to list all If "category" is specified, curl displays all available help If the provided subject is instead an existing command line option, specified either in its short form with a single dash and a single letter, or in the long form with two dashes and a longer name, curl displays a help text for that option in the terminal. The help output is extensive for some options. If the provided command line option is not known, curl says so. (SFTP SCP) Pass a string containing 32 hexadecimal digits. The string should be the 128 bit MD5 checksum of the remote host's public key, curl refuses the connection with the host unless the checksums match. If --hostpubmd5 is provided several times, the curl --hostpubmd5 e5c1c49020640a5ab0f2034854c321a8 \ See also --hostpubsha256. (SFTP SCP) Pass a string containing a Base64-encoded SHA256 hash of the remote host's public key. curl refuses the connection with the host unless the hashes match. This feature requires libcurl to be built with libssh2 and does not work with other SSH backends. If --hostpubsha256 is provided curl --hostpubsha256 NDVkMTQxMGQ1ODdmMjQ3MjczYjAyOTY5MmRkMjVmNDQ=\ Added in 7.80.0. See also --hostpubmd5. (HTTPS) Enable HSTS for the transfer. If the filename points to an existing HSTS cache file, that is used. After a completed If curl is told to use HTTP:// for a transfer involving a hostname that exists in the HSTS cache, it upgrades the transfer to use HTTPS. Each HSTS cache entry has an individual life time after which the upgrade is no longer performed. make curl just handle HSTS in memory. the files but the last one is used for saving. --hsts can be used curl --hsts cache.txt https://example.com Added in 7.74.0. See also --proto. (HTTP) Accept an HTTP version 0.9 response. HTTP/0.9 is a response without headers and therefore you can also connect with this to non-HTTP servers and still get a response since curl simply transparently downgrades - if allowed. HTTP/0.9 is disabled by default (added in 7.66.0) Providing --http0.9 multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --http0.9 https://example.com Added in 7.64.0. See also --http1.1, --http2 and --http3. (HTTP) Use HTTP version 1.0 instead of using its internally preferred HTTP version. Providing --http1.0 multiple times has no curl --http1.0 https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --http1.1, --http2, --http2-prior-knowledge and --http3. See also --http0.9 and (HTTP) Use HTTP version 1.1. This is the default with HTTP:// URLs. Providing --http1.1 multiple times has no extra effect. curl --http1.1 https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --http1.0, --http2, --http2-prior-knowledge and --http3. See also --http1.0 and For HTTPS, this means curl negotiates HTTP/2 in the TLS handshake. curl does this by default. For HTTP, this means curl attempts to upgrade the request to HTTP/2 using the Upgrade: request header. When curl uses HTTP/2 over HTTPS, it does not itself insist on TLS 1.2 or higher even though that is required by the specification. A user can add this version requirement with --tlsv1.2. Providing --http2 multiple times has no extra effect. curl --http2 https://example.com --http2 requires that libcurl is built to support HTTP/2. This option is mutually exclusive with --http1.1, --http1.0, --http2-prior-knowledge and --http3. See also --http1.1, --http3 (HTTP) Issue a non-TLS HTTP requests using HTTP/2 directly without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade. It requires prior knowledge that the server supports HTTP/2 straight away. HTTPS requests still do HTTP/2 the standard way with negotiated protocol version in the TLS Since 8.10.0 if this option is set for an HTTPS request then the application layer protocol version (ALPN) offered to the server is only HTTP/2. Prior to that both HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 were offered. Providing --http2-prior-knowledge multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-http2-prior-knowledge. curl --http2-prior-knowledge https://example.com --http2-prior-knowledge requires that libcurl is built to support HTTP/2. This option is mutually exclusive with --http1.1, --http1.0, --http2 and --http3. See also --http2 and --http3. (HTTP) Attempt HTTP/3 to the host in the URL, but fallback to earlier HTTP versions if the HTTP/3 connection establishment fails or is slow. HTTP/3 is only available for HTTPS and not for HTTP This option allows a user to avoid using the Alt-Svc method of upgrading to HTTP/3 when you know or suspect that the target speaks HTTP/3 on the given host and port. When asked to use HTTP/3, curl issues a separate attempt to use older HTTP versions with a slight delay, so if the HTTP/3 transfer fails or is slow, curl still tries to proceed with an older HTTP version. The fallback performs the regular negotiation between Use --http3-only for similar functionality without a fallback. Providing --http3 multiple times has no extra effect. curl --http3 https://example.com --http3 requires that libcurl is built to support HTTP/3. This option is mutually exclusive with --http1.1, --http1.0, --http2, --http2-prior-knowledge and --http3-only. Added in 7.66.0. See also --http1.1 and --http2. (HTTP) Instruct curl to use HTTP/3 to the host in the URL, with no fallback to earlier HTTP versions. HTTP/3 can only be used for HTTPS and not for HTTP URLs. For HTTP, this option triggers an upgrading to HTTP/3 when you know that the target speaks HTTP/3 on This option makes curl fail if a QUIC connection cannot be established, it does not attempt any other HTTP versions on its own. Use --http3 for similar functionality with a fallback. Providing --http3-only multiple times has no extra effect. curl --http3-only https://example.com --http3-only requires that libcurl is built to support HTTP/3. This option is mutually exclusive with --http1.1, --http1.0, --http2, --http2-prior-knowledge and --http3. Added in 7.88.0. See also --http1.1, --http2 and --http3. (FTP HTTP) For HTTP, ignore the Content-Length header. This is particularly useful for servers running Apache 1.x, which reports incorrect Content-Length for files larger than 2 gigabytes. For FTP, this makes curl skip the SIZE command to figure out the size before downloading a file. Providing --ignore-content-length --no-ignore-content-length. curl --ignore-content-length https://example.com See also --ftp-skip-pasv-ip. (TLS SFTP SCP) By default, every secure connection curl makes is makes curl skip the verification step and proceed without When this option is not used for protocols using TLS, curl verifies the server's TLS certificate before it continues: that the certificate contains the right name which matches the hostname used in the URL and that the certificate has been signed by a CA certificate present in the cert store. See this online resource for further details: https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html For SFTP and SCP, this option makes curl skip the known_hosts verification. known_hosts is a file normally stored in the user's home directory in the ".ssh" subdirectory, which contains hostnames and their public keys. WARNING: using this option makes the transfer insecure. When curl uses secure protocols it trusts responses and allows for example HSTS and Alt-Svc information to be stored and used subsequently. Using --insecure can make curl trust and use such information from malicious servers. Providing --insecure multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-insecure. curl --insecure https://example.com See also --proxy-insecure, --cacert and --capath. Perform the operation using a specified interface. You can enter interface name, IP address or hostname. If you prefer to be specific, you can use the following special syntax: Interface name. If the provided name does not match an existing interface, curl returns with error 45. ifhost!<interface>!<host> Interface name and IP address or hostname. This syntax requires libcurl 8.9.0 or later. If the provided name does not match an existing interface, curl returns with error 45. curl does not support using network interface names for this option on Windows. That name resolve operation if a hostname is provided does not use DNS-over-HTTPS even if --doh-url is set. On Linux this option can be used to specify a VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding) device, but the binary then needs to either have the CAP_NET_RAW capability set or to be run as If --interface is provided several times, the last set value is curl --interface eth0 https://example.com curl --interface "host!10.0.0.1" https://example.com curl --interface "if!enp3s0" https://example.com See also --dns-interface. (All) Set Type of Service (TOS) for IPv4 or Traffic Class for The values allowed for <string> can be a numeric value between 1 and 255 or one of the following: CS0, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, AF11, AF12, AF13, AF21, AF22, AF23, AF31, AF32, AF33, AF41, AF42, AF43, EF, VOICE-ADMIT, ECT1, ECT0, CE, LE, LOWCOST, LOWDELAY, THROUGHPUT, RELIABILITY, MINCOST If --ip-tos is provided several times, the last set value curl --ip-tos CS5 https://example.com Added in 8.9.0. See also --tcp-nodelay and --vlan-priority. (IPFS) Specify which gateway to use for IPFS and IPNS URLs. Not specifying this instead makes curl check if the IPFS_GATEWAY environment variable is set, or if a "~/.ipfs/gateway" file holding the gateway URL exists. If you run a local IPFS node, this gateway is by default available under "http://localhost:8080". A full example URL would look like: curl --ipfs-gateway http://localhost:8080 \ ipfs://bafybeigagd5nmnn2iys2f3 There are many public IPFS gateways. See for example: https://ipfs.github.io/public-gateway-checker/ If you opt to go for a remote gateway you need to be aware that you completely trust the gateway. This might be fine in local gateways that you host yourself. With remote gateways there could potentially be malicious actors returning you data that does not match the request you made, inspect or even interfere with the request. You may not notice this when using curl. A mitigation could be to go for a "trustless" gateway. This means you locally verify that the data. Consult the docs page on trusted vs https://docs.ipfs.tech/reference/http/gateway/#trusted-vs-trustless If --ipfs-gateway is provided several times, the last set value is curl --ipfs-gateway https://example.com ipfs:// Added in 8.4.0. See also --help and --manual. Use IPv4 addresses only when resolving hostnames, and not for example try IPv6. Providing --ipv4 multiple times has no extra curl --ipv4 https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --ipv6. See also --http1.1 Use IPv6 addresses only when resolving hostnames, and not for Your resolver may respond to an IPv6-only resolve request by returning IPv6 addresses that contain "mapped" IPv4 addresses for compatibility purposes. macOS is known to do this. Providing --ipv6 multiple times has no extra effect. curl --ipv6 https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --ipv4. See also --http1.1 (HTTP) Send the specified JSON data in a POST request to the HTTP server. --json works as a shortcut for passing on these three --header "Content-Type: application/json" --header "Accept: application/json" There is no verification that the passed in data is actual JSON or that the syntax is correct. filename to read the data from, or a single dash (-) if you want curl to read the data from stdin. Posting data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with --json @foobar and to instead read the data from stdin, use --json @-. If this option is used more than once on the same command line, the additional data pieces are concatenated to the previous before The headers this option sets can be overridden with --header as usual. --json can be used several times in a command line curl --json '{ "drink": "coffe" }' https://example.com curl --json '{ "drink":' --json ' "coffe" }' https://example.com curl --json @prepared https://example.com curl --json @- https://example.com < json.txt --upload-file. Added in 7.82.0. See also --data-binary and -j, --junk-session-cookies (HTTP) When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this option makes it discard all "session cookies". This has the same effect as if a new session is started. Typical browsers discard session cookies when they are closed down. Providing --junk-session-cookies multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-junk-session-cookies. curl --junk-session-cookies -b cookies.txt https://example.com See also --cookie and --cookie-jar. --keepalive-cnt <integer> Set the maximum number of keepalive probes TCP should send but get no response before dropping the connection. This option is usually used in conjunction with --keepalive-time. This option is supported on Linux, *BSD/macOS, Windows >=10.0.16299, Solaris 11.4, and recent AIX, HP-UX and more. This option has no effect if --no-keepalive is used. If unspecified, the option defaults to 9. If --keepalive-cnt is curl --keepalive-cnt 3 https://example.com Added in 8.9.0. See also --keepalive-time and --no-keepalive. --keepalive-time <seconds> Set the time a connection needs to remain idle before sending keepalive probes and the time between individual keepalive probes. It is currently effective on operating systems offering the "TCP_KEEPIDLE" and "TCP_KEEPINTVL" socket options (meaning Linux, *BSD/macOS, Windows, Solaris, and recent AIX, HP-UX and more). Keepalive is used by the TCP stack to detect broken networks on idle connections. The number of missed keepalive probes before declaring the connection down is OS dependent and is commonly 8 (*BSD/macOS/AIX), 9 (Linux/AIX) or 5/10 (Windows), and this number can be changed by specifying the curl option "keepalive-cnt". Note that this option has no effect if --no-keepalive is used. If unspecified, the option defaults to 60 seconds. If --keepalive-time is provided several times, the last set value is curl --keepalive-time 20 https://example.com See also --no-keepalive, --keepalive-cnt and --max-time. (TLS SSH) Private key filename. Allows you to provide your private key in this separate file. For SSH, if not specified, curl tries the following candidates in order: "~/.ssh/id_rsa", "~/.ssh/id_dsa", "./id_rsa", "./id_dsa". used to specify a private key located in a PKCS#11 device. A "pkcs11" if none was provided and the --key-type option is set as If curl is built against Secure Transport or Schannel then this option is ignored for TLS protocols (HTTPS, etc). Those backends expect the private key to be already present in the keychain or PKCS#12 file containing the certificate. If --key is provided curl --cert certificate --key here https://example.com See also --key-type and --cert. (TLS) Private key file type. Specify which type your --key provided private key is. DER, PEM, and ENG are supported. If not specified, PEM is assumed. If --key-type is provided several curl --key-type DER --key here https://example.com (FTP) Enable Kerberos authentication and use. The level must be entered and should be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential', or 'private'. Should you use a level that is not one of these, 'private' is used. If --krb is provided several times, the last curl --krb clear ftp://example.com/ --krb requires that libcurl is built to support Kerberos. See also Append this option to any ordinary curl command line, and you get libcurl-using C source code written to the file that does the equivalent of what your command-line operation does. use of --next. If --libcurl is provided several times, the last curl --libcurl client.c https://example.com Specify the maximum transfer rate you want curl to use - for both downloads and uploads. This feature is useful if you have a limited pipe and you would like your transfer not to use your entire bandwidth. To make it slower than it otherwise would be. The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is appended. Appending 'k' or 'K' counts the number as kilobytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. The suffixes (k, M, G, T, P) are 1024 based. For example 1k is 1024. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G. The rate limiting logic works on averaging the transfer speed to no more than the set threshold over a period of multiple seconds. If you also use the --speed-limit option, that option takes precedence and might cripple the rate-limiting slightly, to help keeping the speed-limit logic working. If --limit-rate is provided curl --limit-rate 100K https://example.com curl --limit-rate 1000 https://example.com curl --limit-rate 10M https://example.com See also --rate, --speed-limit and --speed-time. (FTP POP3 SFTP FILE) When listing an FTP directory, force a name-only view. Maybe particularly useful if the user wants to machine-parse the contents of an FTP directory since the normal directory view does not use a standard look or format. When used like this, the option causes an NLST command to be sent to the Note: Some FTP servers list only files in their response to NLST; they do not include sub-directories and symbolic links. When listing an SFTP directory, this switch forces a name-only view, one per line. This is especially useful if the user wants to machine-parse the contents of an SFTP directory since the normal directory view provides more information than just filenames. When retrieving a specific email from POP3, this switch forces a LIST command to be performed instead of RETR. This is particularly useful if the user wants to see if a specific message-id exists on the server and what size it is. For FILE, this option has no effect yet as directories are always Note: When combined with --request, this option can be used to send a UIDL command instead, so the user may use the email's unique identifier rather than its message-id to make the request. Providing --list-only multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-list-only. curl --list-only ftp://example.com/dir/ See also --quote and --request. Set a preferred single number or range (FROM-TO) of local port numbers to use for the connection(s). Note that port numbers by nature are a scarce resource so setting this range to something too narrow might cause unnecessary connection setup failures. If --local-port is provided several times, the last set value is curl --local-port 1000-3000 https://example.com (HTTP) If the server reports that the requested page has moved to a different location (indicated with a Location: header and a 3XX response code), this option makes curl redo the request to the new place. If used together with --show-headers or --head, headers from all requested pages are shown. When authentication is used, or when sending a cookie with "-H Cookie:", curl only sends its credentials to the initial host. If a redirect takes curl to a different host, it does not get the credentials passed on. See --location-trusted on how to change Limit the amount of redirects to follow by using the --max-redirs When curl follows a redirect and if the request is a POST, it sends the following request with a GET if the HTTP response was 301, 302, or 303. If the response code was any other 3xx code, curl resends the following request using the same unmodified You can tell curl to not change POST requests to GET after a 30x response by using the dedicated options for that: --post301, The method set with --request overrides the method curl would otherwise select to use. Providing --location multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-location. curl -L https://example.com See also --resolve and --alt-svc. (HTTP) Instruct curl to follow HTTP redirects like --location, but permit curl to send credentials and other secrets along to other hosts than the initial one. This may or may not introduce a security breach if the site redirects you to a site to which you send this sensitive data to. Another host means that one or more of hostname, protocol scheme This option also allows curl to pass long cookies set explicitly with --header. Providing --location-trusted multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-location-trusted. curl --location-trusted -u user:password https://example.com curl --location-trusted -H "Cookie: session=abc" \ --login-options <options> (IMAP LDAP POP3 SMTP) Specify the login options to use during You can use login options to specify protocol specific options that may be used during authentication. At present only IMAP, POP3 and SMTP support login options. For more information about login options please see RFC 2384, RFC 5092 and the IETF draft https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-earhart-url-smtp-00 Since 8.2.0, IMAP supports the login option "AUTH=+LOGIN". With this option, curl uses the plain (not SASL) "LOGIN IMAP" command even if the server advertises SASL authentication. Care should be taken in using this option, as it sends your password over the network in plain text. This does not work if the IMAP server disables the plain "LOGIN" (e.g. to prevent password snooping). If --login-options is provided several times, the last set value is curl --login-options 'AUTH=*' imap://example.com (SMTP) Specify a single address. This is used to specify the authentication address (identity) of a submitted message that is being relayed to another server. If --mail-auth is provided curl --mail-auth user@example.com -T mail smtp://example.com/ See also --mail-rcpt and --mail-from. (SMTP) Specify a single address that the given mail should get sent from. If --mail-from is provided several times, the last set curl --mail-from user@example.com -T mail smtp://example.com/ See also --mail-rcpt and --mail-auth. (SMTP) Specify a single email address, username or mailing list name. Repeat this option several times to send to multiple When performing an address verification (VRFY command), the recipient should be specified as the username or username and domain (as per Section 3.5 of RFC 5321). When performing a mailing list expand (EXPN command), the recipient should be specified using the mailing list name, such as "Friends" or "London-Office". --mail-rcpt can be used several curl --mail-rcpt user@example.net smtp://example.com See also --mail-rcpt-allowfails. (SMTP) When sending data to multiple recipients, by default curl aborts SMTP conversation if at least one of the recipients causes RCPT TO command to return an error. The default behavior can be changed by passing --mail-rcpt-allowfails command-line option which makes curl ignore errors and proceed with the remaining valid recipients. If all recipients trigger RCPT TO failures and this flag is specified, curl still aborts the SMTP conversation and returns the error received from to the last RCPT TO command. Providing --mail-rcpt-allowfails multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-mail-rcpt-allowfails. curl --mail-rcpt-allowfails --mail-rcpt dest@example.com \ Added in 7.69.0. See also --mail-rcpt. Manual. Display the huge help text. See also --verbose, --libcurl and --trace. (FTP HTTP MQTT) When set to a non-zero value, it specifies the maximum size (in bytes) of a file to download. If the file requested is larger than this value, the transfer does not start and curl returns with exit code 63. Setting the maximum value to zero disables the limit. A size modifier may be used. For example, Appending 'k' or 'K' counts the number as kilobytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G. NOTE: before curl 8.4.0, when the file size is not known prior to download, for such files this option has no effect even if the file transfer ends up being larger than this given limit. Starting with curl 8.4.0, this option aborts the transfer if it reaches the threshold during transfer. If --max-filesize is curl --max-filesize 100K https://example.com (HTTP) Set maximum number of redirections to follow. When --location is used, to prevent curl from following too many redirects, by default, the limit is set to 50 redirects. Set this option to -1 to make it unlimited. If --max-redirs is provided curl --max-redirs 3 --location https://example.com Set maximum time in seconds that you allow each transfer to take. Prevents your batch jobs from hanging for hours due to slow networks or links going down. This option accepts decimal values. If you enable retrying the transfer (--retry) then the maximum time counter is reset each time the transfer is retried. You can use --retry-max-time to limit the retry time. The decimal value needs to be provided using a dot (.) as decimal separator - not the local version even if it might be using another separator. If --max-time is provided several times, the curl --max-time 10 https://example.com curl --max-time 2.92 https://example.com See also --connect-timeout and --retry-max-time. This option was previously used to specify a Metalink resource. Metalink support is disabled in curl for security reasons (added in 7.78.0). If --metalink is provided several times, the last set curl --metalink file https://example.com Enable the use of Multipath TCP (MPTCP) for connections. MPTCP is an extension to the standard TCP that allows multiple TCP streams over different network paths between the same source and destination. This can enhance bandwidth and improve reliability by using multiple paths simultaneously. MPTCP is beneficial in networks where multiple paths exist between clients and servers, such as mobile networks where a device may switch between WiFi and cellular data or in wired networks with multiple Internet Service Providers. This option is currently only supported on Linux starting from kernel 5.6. Only TCP connections are modified, hence this option does not effect HTTP/3 (QUIC) or UDP connections. The server curl connects to must also support MPTCP. If not, the connection seamlessly falls back to TCP. Providing --mptcp curl --mptcp https://example.com Added in 8.9.0. See also --tcp-fastopen. (HTTP) Enable Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication. This option requires a library built with GSS-API or SSPI support. Use --version to see if your curl supports GSS-API/SSPI or SPNEGO. When using this option, you must also provide a fake --user option to activate the authentication code properly. Sending a '-u :' is enough as the username and password from the --user option are not actually used. Providing --negotiate multiple times has no extra curl --negotiate -u : https://example.com See also --basic, --ntlm, --anyauth and --proxy-negotiate. Make curl scan the .netrc file in the user's home directory for login name and password. This is typically used for FTP on Unix. If used with HTTP, curl enables user authentication. See netrc(5) and ftp(1) for details on the file format. curl does not complain if that file does not have the right permissions (it should be neither world- nor group-readable). The environment variable "HOME" is used to find the home directory. On Windows two filenames in the home directory are checked: .netrc and _netrc, preferring the former. Older versions on Windows A quick and simple example of how to setup a .netrc to allow curl to FTP to the machine host.example.com with username 'myself' and password 'secret' could look similar to: Providing --netrc multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it curl --netrc https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --netrc-file and --netrc-optional. See also --netrc-file, --config and --user. Set the netrc file to use. Similar to --netrc, except that you also provide the path (absolute or relative). It abides by --netrc-optional if specified. If --netrc-file is curl --netrc-file netrc https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --netrc. See also --netrc, Similar to --netrc, but this option makes the .netrc usage optional and not mandatory as the --netrc option does. Providing --netrc-optional multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-netrc-optional. curl --netrc-optional https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --netrc. See also Use a separate operation for the following URL and associated options. This allows you to send several URL requests, each with their own specific options, for example, such as different usernames or custom requests for each. --next resets all local options and only global ones have their values survive over to the operation following the --next instruction. Global options include --verbose, --trace, --trace-ascii and --fail-early. For example, you can do both a GET and a POST in a single command curl www1.example.com --next -d postthis www2.example.com --next can be used several times in a command line curl https://example.com --next -d postthis www2.example.com curl -I https://example.com --next https://example.net/ See also --parallel and --config. (HTTPS) Disable the ALPN TLS extension. ALPN is enabled by default if libcurl was built with an SSL library that supports ALPN. ALPN is used by a libcurl that supports HTTP/2 to negotiate HTTP/2 support with the server during https sessions. Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can use --alpn to enable ALPN. Providing --no-alpn multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --alpn. curl --no-alpn https://example.com --no-alpn requires that libcurl is built to support TLS. See also Disable the buffering of the output stream. In normal work situations, curl uses a standard buffered output stream that has the effect that it outputs the data in chunks, not necessarily exactly when the data arrives. Using this option disables that --buffer to enable buffering again. Providing --no-buffer multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --buffer. curl --no-buffer https://example.com See also --progress-bar. When used in conjunction with the --output, --remote-header-name, --remote-name, or --remote-name-all options, curl avoids overwriting files that already exist. Instead, a dot and a number gets appended to the name of the file that would be created, up to filename.100 after which it does not create any file. Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use --clobber to enforce the clobbering, even if --remote-header-name is specified. The --continue-at option cannot be used together with --no-clobber. Providing --no-clobber multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --clobber. curl --no-clobber --output local/dir/file https://example.com Added in 7.83.0. See also --output and --remote-name. Disable the use of keepalive messages on the TCP connection. curl otherwise enables them by default. use --keepalive to enforce keepalive. Providing --no-keepalive curl --no-keepalive https://example.com See also --keepalive-time and --keepalive-cnt. (HTTPS) curl never uses NPN, this option has no effect (added in Disable the NPN TLS extension. NPN is enabled by default if libcurl was built with an SSL library that supports NPN. NPN is used by a libcurl that supports HTTP/2 to negotiate HTTP/2 support with the server during https sessions. Providing --no-npn multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --npn. curl --no-npn https://example.com --no-npn requires that libcurl is built to support TLS. See also Option to switch off the progress meter output without muting or otherwise affecting warning and informational messages like use --progress-meter to enable the progress meter again. Providing --no-progress-meter multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --progress-meter. curl --no-progress-meter -o store https://example.com Added in 7.67.0. See also --verbose and --silent. (TLS) Disable curl's use of SSL session-ID caching. By default all transfers are done using the cache. Note that while nothing should ever get hurt by attempting to reuse SSL session-IDs, there seem to be broken SSL implementations in the wild that may require you to disable this in order for you to succeed. use --sessionid to enforce session-ID caching. Providing --no-sessionid multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it curl --no-sessionid https://example.com --noproxy <no-proxy-list> Comma-separated list of hosts for which not to use a proxy, if one is specified. The only wildcard is a single "*" character, which matches all hosts, and effectively disables the proxy. Each name in this list is matched as either a domain which contains the hostname, or the hostname itself. For example, "local.com" would match "local.com", "local.com:80", and "www.local.com", but not This option overrides the environment variables that disable the proxy ("no_proxy" and "NO_PROXY"). If there is an environment variable disabling a proxy, you can set the no proxy list to "" to IP addresses specified to this option can be provided using CIDR notation (added in 7.86.0): an appended slash and number specifies the number of network bits out of the address to use in the comparison. For example "192.168.0.0/16" would match all addresses starting with "192.168". If --noproxy is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --noproxy "www.example" https://example.com (HTTP) Use NTLM authentication. The NTLM authentication method was designed by Microsoft and is used by IIS web servers. It is a proprietary protocol, reverse-engineered by clever people and implemented in curl based on their efforts. This kind of behavior should not be endorsed, you should encourage everyone who uses NTLM to switch to a public and documented authentication method If you want to enable NTLM for your proxy authentication, then use --proxy-ntlm. Providing --ntlm multiple times has no extra effect. curl --ntlm -u user:password https://example.com --ntlm requires that libcurl is built to support TLS. This option is mutually exclusive with --basic, --negotiate, --digest and --anyauth. See also --proxy-ntlm. (HTTP) Deprecated option (added in 8.8.0). Enabled NTLM much in the style --ntlm does, but handed over the authentication to a separate executable that was executed when needed. Providing --ntlm-wb multiple times has no extra effect. curl --ntlm-wb -u user:password https://example.com See also --ntlm and --proxy-ntlm. (IMAP LDAP POP3 SMTP HTTP) Specify the Bearer Token for OAUTH 2.0 server authentication. The Bearer Token is used in conjunction with the username which can be specified as part of the --url or The Bearer Token and username are formatted according to RFC 6750. If --oauth2-bearer is provided several times, the last set value curl --oauth2-bearer "mF_9.B5f-4.1JqM" https://example.com See also --basic, --ntlm and --digest. Write output to the given file instead of stdout. If you are using globbing to fetch multiple documents, you should quote the URL and you can use "#" followed by a number in the filename. That variable is then replaced with the current string for the URL curl "http://{one,two}.example.com" -o "file_#1.txt" or use several variables like: curl "http://{site,host}.host[1-5].example" -o "#1_#2" You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you have. For example, if you specify two URLs on the same command line, you can use it like this: curl -o aa example.com -o bb example.net and the order of the -o options and the URLs does not matter, just that the first -o is for the first URL and so on, so the above command line can also be written as curl example.com example.net -o aa -o bb See also the --create-dirs option to create the local directories dynamically. Specifying the output as '-' (a single dash) passes To suppress response bodies, you can redirect output to /dev/null: curl example.com -o /dev/null Specify the filename as single minus to force the output to stdout, to override curl's internal binary output in terminal curl https://example.com/jpeg -o - --output is associated with a single URL. Use it once per URL when you use several URLs in a command line. curl -o file https://example.com curl "http://{one,two}.example.com" -o "file_#1.txt" curl "http://{site,host}.host[1-5].example" -o "#1_#2" curl -o file https://example.com -o file2 https://example.net See also --remote-name, --remote-name-all and Specify the directory in which files should be stored, when --remote-name or --output are used. The given output directory is used for all URLs and output options on the command line, up until the first --next. If the specified target directory does not exist, the operation fails unless --create-dirs is also used. If --output-dir is curl --output-dir "tmp" -O https://example.com Added in 7.73.0. See also --remote-name and --remote-header-name. Make curl perform all transfers in parallel as compared to the regular serial manner. Parallel transfer means that curl runs up to N concurrent transfers simultaneously and if there are more than N transfers to handle, it starts new ones when earlier With parallel transfers, the progress meter output is different than when doing serial transfers, as it then displays the transfer status for multiple transfers in a single line. The maximum amount of concurrent transfers is set with --parallel-max and it defaults to 50. use of --next. Providing --parallel multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-parallel. curl --parallel https://example.com -o file1 https://example.com \ Added in 7.66.0. See also --next, --verbose, --parallel-max and When doing parallel transfers, this option instructs curl to prefer opening up more connections in parallel at once rather than waiting to see if new transfers can be added as multiplexed streams on another connection. By default, without this option set, curl prefers to wait a little and multiplex new transfers over existing connections. It keeps the number of connections low at the expense of risking a slightly use of --next. Providing --parallel-immediate multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-parallel-immediate. curl --parallel-immediate -Z https://example.com -o file1 \ https://example.com -o file2 Added in 7.68.0. See also --parallel and --parallel-max. When asked to do parallel transfers, using --parallel, this option controls the maximum amount of transfers to do simultaneously. The default is 50. 300 is the largest supported value. use of --next. If --parallel-max is provided several times, the curl --parallel-max 100 -Z https://example.com ftp://example.com/ Added in 7.66.0. See also --parallel. (SSH TLS) Passphrase for the private key used for SSH or TLS. If --pass is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --pass secret --key file https://example.com See also --key and --user. Do not handle sequences of /../ or /./ in the given URL path. Normally curl squashes or merges them according to standards but with this option set you tell it not to do that. Providing --path-as-is multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --path-as-is https://example.com/../../etc/passwd See also --request-target. (TLS) Use the specified public key file (or hashes) to verify the peer. This can be a path to a file which contains a single public key in PEM or DER format, or any number of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by 'sha256//' and separated by ';'. When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a certificate indicating its identity. A public key is extracted from this certificate and if it does not exactly match the public key provided to this option, curl aborts the connection before sending or receiving any data. This option is independent of option --insecure. If you use both options together then the peer is still verified by public key. OpenSSL and GnuTLS, wolfSSL, mbedTLS , Secure Transport macOS OpenSSL, GnuTLS and wolfSSL, mbedTLS, Secure Transport macOS Other SSL backends not supported. If --pinnedpubkey is provided curl --pinnedpubkey keyfile https://example.com curl --pinnedpubkey 'sha256//ce118b51897f4452dc' \ (HTTP) Respect RFC 7231/6.4.2 and do not convert POST requests into GET requests when following a 301 redirect. The non-RFC behavior is ubiquitous in web browsers, so curl does the conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a server may require a POST to remain a POST after such a redirection. This option is meaningful only when using --location. Providing --post301 multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --post301 --location -d "data" https://example.com See also --post302, --post303 and --location. (HTTP) Respect RFC 7231/6.4.3 and do not convert POST requests into GET requests when following a 302 redirect. The non-RFC --post302 multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --post302 --location -d "data" https://example.com See also --post301, --post303 and --location. (HTTP) Violate RFC 7231/6.4.4 and do not convert POST requests into GET requests when following 303 redirect. A server may require a POST to remain a POST after a 303 redirection. This --post303 multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --post303 --location -d "data" https://example.com See also --post302, --post301 and --location. --preproxy <[protocol://]host[:port]> Use the specified SOCKS proxy before connecting to an HTTP or HTTPS --proxy. In such a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS The pre proxy string should be specified with a protocol:// prefix to specify alternative proxy protocols. Use socks4://, socks4a://, socks5:// or socks5h:// to request the specific SOCKS version to be used. No protocol specified makes curl default to SOCKS4. If the port number is not specified in the proxy string, it is User and password that might be provided in the proxy string are URL decoded by curl. This allows you to pass in special characters such as @ by using %40 or pass in a colon with %3a. If --preproxy is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --preproxy socks5://proxy.example -x http://http.example \ See also --proxy and --socks5. Make curl display transfer progress as a simple progress bar instead of the standard, more informational, meter. This progress bar draws a single line of '#' characters across the screen and shows a percentage if the transfer size is known. For transfers without a known size, there is a space ship (-=o=-) that moves back and forth but only while data is being transferred, with a set of flying hash sign symbols on top. use of --next. Providing --progress-bar multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-progress-bar. curl -# -O https://example.com See also --styled-output. Limit what protocols to allow for transfers. Protocols are evaluated left to right, are comma separated, and are each a protocol name or 'all', optionally prefixed by zero or more modifiers. Available modifiers are: Permit this protocol in addition to protocols already permitted (this is the default if no modifier is used). Deny this protocol, removing it from the list of protocols Permit only this protocol (ignoring the list already permitted), though subject to later modification by subsequent entries in the comma separated list. For example: --proto -ftps uses the default protocols, but disables ftps --proto -all,https,+http only enables http and https --proto =http,https also only enables http and https Unknown and disabled protocols produce a warning. This allows scripts to safely rely on being able to disable potentially dangerous protocols, without relying upon support for that protocol being built into curl to avoid an error. This option can be used multiple times, in which case the effect is the same as concatenating the protocols into one If --proto is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --proto =http,https,sftp https://example.com See also --proto-redir and --proto-default. --proto-default <protocol> Use protocol for any provided URL missing a scheme. An unknown or unsupported protocol causes error CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL. This option does not change the default proxy protocol (http). Without this option set, curl guesses protocol based on the hostname, see --url for details. If --proto-default is provided curl --proto-default https ftp.example.com See also --proto and --proto-redir. --proto-redir <protocols> Limit what protocols to allow on redirects. Protocols denied by --proto are not overridden by this option. See --proto for how protocols are represented. Example, allow only HTTP and HTTPS on redirect: curl --proto-redir -all,http,https http://example.com By default curl only allows HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS on redirects (added in 7.65.2). Specifying all or +all enables all protocols on redirects, which is not good for security. If --proto-redir is curl --proto-redir =http,https https://example.com -x, --proxy <[protocol://]host[:port]> The proxy string can be specified with a protocol:// prefix. No protocol specified or http:// it is treated as an HTTP proxy. Use socks4://, socks4a://, socks5:// or socks5h:// to request a specific SOCKS version to be used. Unix domain sockets are supported for socks proxy. Set localhost for the host part. e.g. socks5h://localhost/path/to/socket.sock HTTPS proxy support works set with the https:// protocol prefix for OpenSSL and GnuTLS. It also works for BearSSL, mbedTLS, Rustls, Schannel, Secure Transport and wolfSSL (added in 7.87.0). Unrecognized and unsupported proxy protocols cause an error. Ancient curl versions ignored unknown schemes and used http:// This option overrides existing environment variables that set the proxy to use. If there is an environment variable setting a proxy, you can set proxy to "" to override it. All operations that are performed over an HTTP proxy are transparently converted to HTTP. It means that certain protocol specific operations might not be available. This is not the case if you can tunnel through the proxy, as one with the --proxytunnel such as @ by using %40 or pass in a colon with %3a. The proxy host can be specified the same way as the proxy environment variables, including the protocol prefix (http://) and the embedded user + password. When a proxy is used, the active FTP mode as set with --ftp-port, Doing FTP over an HTTP proxy without --proxytunnel makes curl do HTTP with an FTP URL over the proxy. For such transfers, common FTP specific options do not work, including --ssl-reqd and --ftp-ssl-control. If --proxy is provided several times, the last curl --proxy http://proxy.example https://example.com See also --socks5 and --proxy-basic. Automatically pick a suitable authentication method when communicating with the given HTTP proxy. This might cause an extra request/response round-trip. Providing --proxy-anyauth multiple times has no extra effect. curl --proxy-anyauth --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy \ See also --proxy, --proxy-basic and --proxy-digest. Use HTTP Basic authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --basic for enabling HTTP Basic with a remote host. Basic is the default authentication method curl uses with proxies. Providing --proxy-basic multiple times has no extra effect. curl --proxy-basic --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy \ See also --proxy, --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-digest. verification of the HTTPS proxy. This option is independent of other HTTPS proxy CA certificate locations set at run time or build time. Those locations are searched in addition to the native CA store. Equivalent to --ca-native but used in HTTPS proxy context. Refer to --ca-native for TLS backend limitations. Providing --proxy-ca-native multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-proxy-ca-native. curl --proxy-ca-native https://example.com Added in 8.2.0. See also --ca-native, --cacert, --capath, --dump-ca-embed and --insecure. Use the specified certificate file to verify the HTTPS proxy. The This allows you to use a different trust for the proxy compared to the remote server connected to via the proxy. Equivalent to --cacert but used in HTTPS proxy context. If --proxy-cacert is provided several times, the last set value is curl --proxy-cacert CA-file.txt -x https://proxy \ See also --proxy-capath, --cacert, --capath, --dump-ca-embed and Same as --capath but used in HTTPS proxy context. Use the specified certificate directory to verify the proxy. --proxy-capath can allow OpenSSL-powered curl to make SSL-connections much more efficiently than using --proxy-cacert if the --proxy-cacert file contains many CA certificates. --proxy-capath is provided several times, the last set value is curl --proxy-capath /local/directory -x https://proxy \ See also --proxy-cacert, --proxy, --capath and --dump-ca-embed. --proxy-cert <cert[:passwd]> Use the specified client certificate file when communicating with an HTTPS proxy. The certificate must be in PKCS#12 format if using Secure Transport, or PEM format if using any other engine. If the optional password is not specified, it is queried for on the terminal. Use --proxy-key to provide the private key. This option is the equivalent to --cert but used in HTTPS proxy context. If --proxy-cert is provided several times, the last set curl --proxy-cert file -x https://proxy https://example.com See also --proxy, --proxy-key and --proxy-cert-type. Set type of the provided client certificate when using HTTPS proxy. PEM, DER, ENG, PROV and P12 are recognized types. however for Secure Transport and Schannel it is P12. If --proxy-cert is a pkcs11: URI then ENG or PROV is the default type (depending on OpenSSL version). Equivalent to --cert-type but used in HTTPS proxy context. If --proxy-cert-type is provided several times, the last set value is curl --proxy-cert-type PEM --proxy-cert file -x https://proxy \ See also --proxy-cert and --proxy-key. (TLS) Same as --ciphers but used in HTTPS proxy context. Specify which cipher suites to use in the connection to your HTTPS proxy when it negotiates TLS 1.2 (1.1, 1.0). The list of ciphers suites must specify valid ciphers. Read up on cipher suite details https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html If --proxy-ciphers is curl --proxy-ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:\ ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 -x https://proxy \ See also --proxy-tls13-ciphers, --ciphers and --proxy. Provide filename for a PEM formatted file with a Certificate Revocation List that specifies peer certificates that are considered revoked when communicating with an HTTPS proxy. Equivalent to --crlfile but only used in HTTPS proxy context. If --proxy-crlfile is provided several times, the last set value is curl --proxy-crlfile rejects.txt -x https://proxy \ See also --crlfile and --proxy. Use HTTP Digest authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --digest for enabling HTTP Digest with a remote host. Providing --proxy-digest multiple times has no extra effect. curl --proxy-digest --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy \ See also --proxy, --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-basic. --proxy-header <header/@file> (HTTP) Extra header to include in the request when sending HTTP to a proxy. You may specify any number of extra headers. This is the equivalent option to --header but is for proxy communication only like in CONNECT requests when you want a separate header sent to the proxy to what is sent to the actual remote host. they only mess things up for you. Headers specified with this option are not included in requests that curl knows are not be sent to a proxy. read the headers from stdin. This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove multiple headers. --proxy-header can be used several times in a curl --proxy-header "X-First-Name: Joe" -x http://proxy \ curl --proxy-header "User-Agent: surprise" -x http://proxy \ curl --proxy-header "Host:" -x http://proxy https://example.com (HTTP) Negotiate HTTP/2 with an HTTPS proxy. The proxy might still only offer HTTP/1 and then curl sticks to using that version. This has no effect for any other kinds of proxies. Providing --proxy-http2 multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --proxy-http2 -x proxy https://example.com --proxy-http2 requires that libcurl is built to support HTTP/2. Added in 8.1.0. See also --proxy. Same as --insecure but used in HTTPS proxy context. Every secure connection curl makes is verified to be secure before the transfer takes place. This option makes curl skip the verification step with a proxy and proceed without checking. When this option is not used for a proxy using HTTPS, curl verifies the proxy's TLS certificate before it continues: that the certificate contains the right name which matches the hostname and that the certificate has been signed by a CA certificate present in the cert store. See this online resource for further details: https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html WARNING: using this option makes the transfer to the proxy insecure. Providing --proxy-insecure multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-proxy-insecure. curl --proxy-insecure -x https://proxy https://example.com See also --proxy and --insecure. Specify the filename for your private key when using client certificates with your HTTPS proxy. This option is the equivalent to --key but used in HTTPS proxy context. If --proxy-key is curl --proxy-key here -x https://proxy https://example.com See also --proxy-key-type and --proxy. Specify the private key file type your --proxy-key provided private key uses. DER, PEM, and ENG are supported. If not specified, PEM is assumed. Equivalent to --key-type but used in HTTPS proxy context. If --proxy-key-type is provided several times, the last set value is curl --proxy-key-type DER --proxy-key here -x https://proxy \ See also --proxy-key and --proxy. Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --negotiate for enabling HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) with a remote host. Providing --proxy-negotiate multiple curl --proxy-negotiate --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy \ See also --proxy-anyauth, --proxy-basic and --proxy-service-name. Use HTTP NTLM authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --ntlm for enabling NTLM with a remote host. Providing --proxy-ntlm multiple times has no extra effect. curl --proxy-ntlm --proxy-user user:passwd -x http://proxy \ See also --proxy-negotiate, --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-user. Passphrase for the private key for HTTPS proxy client certificate. Equivalent to --pass but used in HTTPS proxy context. If --proxy-pass is provided several times, the last set value is curl --proxy-pass secret --proxy-key here -x https://proxy \ See also --proxy and --proxy-key. --proxy-pinnedpubkey <hashes> proxy. This can be a path to a file which contains a single public Before curl 8.10.0 this option did not work due to a bug. If --proxy-pinnedpubkey is provided several times, the last set value curl --proxy-pinnedpubkey keyfile https://example.com curl --proxy-pinnedpubkey 'sha256//ce118b51897f4452dc' \ See also --pinnedpubkey and --proxy. --proxy-service-name <name> Set the service name for SPNEGO when doing proxy authentication. If --proxy-service-name is provided several times, the last set curl --proxy-service-name "shrubbery" -x proxy \ See also --service-name, --proxy and --proxy-negotiate. Do not work around a security flaw in the TLS1.0 protocol known as BEAST when communicating to an HTTPS proxy. If this option is not used, the TLS layer may use workarounds known to cause interoperability problems with some older server implementations. This option only changes how curl does TLS 1.0 with an HTTPS proxy and has no effect on later TLS versions. WARNING: this option loosens the TLS security, and by using this flag you ask for exactly that. Equivalent to --ssl-allow-beast but used in HTTPS proxy context. Providing --proxy-ssl-allow-beast multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-proxy-ssl-allow-beast. curl --proxy-ssl-allow-beast -x https://proxy https://example.com See also --ssl-allow-beast and --proxy. --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert Same as --ssl-auto-client-cert but used in HTTPS proxy context. This is only supported by Schannel. Providing --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert. curl --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert -x https://proxy \ Added in 7.77.0. See also --ssl-auto-client-cert and --proxy. --proxy-tls13-ciphers <list> (TLS) Same as --tls13-ciphers but used in HTTPS proxy context. proxy when it negotiates TLS 1.3. The list of ciphers suites must specify valid ciphers. Read up on TLS 1.3 cipher suite details on https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html This option is used when curl is built to use OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later, Schannel, wolfSSL, or mbedTLS 3.6.0 or later. Before curl 8.10.0 with mbedTLS or wolfSSL, TLS 1.3 cipher suites were set by using the --proxy-ciphers option. If --proxy-tls13-ciphers is provided several times, the last set curl --proxy-tls13-ciphers TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 -x proxy \ Added in 7.61.0. See also --proxy-ciphers, --tls13-ciphers and --proxy-tlsauthtype <type> Set TLS authentication type with HTTPS proxy. The only supported option is "SRP", for TLS-SRP (RFC 5054). This option works only if the underlying libcurl is built with TLS-SRP support. Equivalent to --tlsauthtype but used in HTTPS proxy context. If --proxy-tlsauthtype is provided several times, the last set value curl --proxy-tlsauthtype SRP -x https://proxy https://example.com See also --proxy, --proxy-tlsuser and --proxy-tlspassword. --proxy-tlspassword <string> Set password to use with the TLS authentication method specified with --proxy-tlsauthtype when using HTTPS proxy. Requires that This option does not work with TLS 1.3. Equivalent to --tlspassword but used in HTTPS proxy context. If --proxy-tlspassword is provided several times, the last set value curl --proxy-tlspassword passwd -x https://proxy \ See also --proxy and --proxy-tlsuser. Set username for use for HTTPS proxy with the TLS authentication method specified with --proxy-tlsauthtype. Requires that --proxy-tlspassword also is set. This option does not work with TLS 1.3. If --proxy-tlsuser is curl --proxy-tlsuser smith -x https://proxy https://example.com See also --proxy and --proxy-tlspassword. Use at least TLS version 1.x when negotiating with an HTTPS proxy. That means TLS version 1.0 or higher Equivalent to --tlsv1 but for an HTTPS proxy context. Providing --proxy-tlsv1 multiple times has no extra effect. curl --proxy-tlsv1 -x https://proxy https://example.com -U, --proxy-user <user:password> Specify the username and password to use for proxy authentication. If you use a Windows SSPI-enabled curl binary and do either Negotiate or NTLM authentication then you can tell curl to select the username and password from your environment by specifying a single colon with this option: "-U :". On systems where it works, curl hides the given option argument from process listings. This is not enough to protect credentials from possibly getting seen by other users on the same system as they still are visible for a moment before cleared. Such sensitive data should be retrieved from a file instead or similar and never used in clear text in a command line. If --proxy-user is provided curl --proxy-user smith:secret -x proxy https://example.com Use the specified HTTP 1.0 proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. The only difference between this and the HTTP proxy option --proxy, is that attempts to use CONNECT through the proxy specifies an HTTP 1.0 protocol instead of the default HTTP 1.1. Providing --proxy1.0 multiple times has no extra effect. curl --proxy1.0 http://proxy https://example.com See also --proxy, --socks5 and --preproxy. When an HTTP proxy is used --proxy, this option makes curl tunnel the traffic through the proxy. The tunnel approach is made with the HTTP proxy CONNECT request and requires that the proxy allows direct connect to the remote port number curl wants to tunnel To suppress proxy CONNECT response headers when curl is set to output headers use --suppress-connect-headers. Providing --proxytunnel multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --proxytunnel -x http://proxy https://example.com (SFTP SCP) Public key filename. Allows you to provide your public key in this separate file. curl attempts to automatically extract the public key from the private key file, so passing this option is generally not required. Note that this public key extraction requires libcurl to be linked against a copy of libssh2 1.2.8 or higher that is itself linked against OpenSSL. If --pubkey is provided several times, the curl --pubkey file.pub sftp://example.com/ (FTP SFTP) Send an arbitrary command to the remote FTP or SFTP server. Quote commands are sent BEFORE the transfer takes place (just after the initial PWD command in an FTP transfer, to be exact). To make commands take place after a successful transfer, prefix them with a dash '-'. (FTP only) To make commands be sent after curl has changed the working directory, just before the file transfer command(s), prefix the command with a '+'. This is not performed when a directory listing is performed. You may specify any number of commands. By default curl stops at first failure. To make curl continue even if the command fails, prefix the command with an asterisk (*). Otherwise, if the server returns failure for one of the commands, the entire operation is aborted. You must send syntactically correct FTP commands as RFC 959 defines to FTP servers, or one of the commands listed below to SFTP is a binary protocol. Unlike for FTP, curl interprets SFTP quote commands itself before sending them to the server. Filenames may be quoted shell-style to embed spaces or special characters. Following is the list of all supported SFTP quote commands: The atime command sets the last access time of the file named by the file operand. The date expression can be all sorts of date strings, see the curl_getdate(3) man page for date expression details. (Added in 7.73.0) The chgrp command sets the group ID of the file named by the file operand to the group ID specified by the group operand. The group operand is a decimal integer group ID. The chmod command modifies the file mode bits of the specified file. The mode operand is an octal integer mode number. The chown command sets the owner of the file named by the file operand to the user ID specified by the user operand. The user operand is a decimal integer user ID. ln source_file target_file The ln and symlink commands create a symbolic link at the target_file location pointing to the source_file location. The mkdir command creates the directory named by the The mtime command sets the last modification time of the file named by the file operand. The date expression can be all sorts of date strings, see the curl_getdate(3) man page for date expression details. (Added in 7.73.0) The pwd command returns the absolute path name of the current The rename command renames the file or directory named by the source operand to the destination path named by the target The rm command removes the file specified by the file operand. The rmdir command removes the directory entry specified by the directory operand, provided it is empty. symlink source_file target_file --quote can be used several times in a command line curl --quote "DELE file" ftp://example.com/foo Deprecated option. This option is ignored (added in 7.84.0). Prior to that it only had an effect on curl if built to use old versions Specify the path name to file containing random data. The data may be used to seed the random engine for SSL connections. If --random-file is provided several times, the last set value is curl --random-file rubbish https://example.com (HTTP FTP SFTP FILE) Retrieve a byte range (i.e. a partial document) from an HTTP/1.1, FTP or SFTP server or a local FILE. Ranges can be specified in a number of ways. specifies the first 500 bytes specifies the second 500 bytes specifies the last 500 bytes specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and forward specifies the first and last byte only(*)(HTTP) specifies two separate 100-byte ranges(*) (HTTP) (*) = NOTE that if specifying multiple ranges and the server supports it then it replies with a multiple part response that curl returns as-is. It contains meta information in addition to the requested bytes. Parsing or otherwise transforming this response is the responsibility of the caller. Only digit characters (0-9) are valid in the 'start' and 'stop' fields of the 'start-stop' range syntax. If a non-digit character is given in the range, the server's response is unspecified, depending on the server's configuration. Many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have this feature enabled, so that when you attempt to get a range, curl instead gets the FTP and SFTP range downloads only support the simple 'start-stop' syntax (optionally with one of the numbers omitted). FTP use depends on the extended FTP command SIZE. This command line option is mutually exclusive with --continue-at: you can only use one of them for a single If --range is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --range 22-44 https://example.com See also --continue-at and --append. --rate <max request rate> Specify the maximum transfer frequency you allow curl to use - in number of transfer starts per time unit (sometimes called request rate). Without this option, curl starts the next transfer as fast If given several URLs and a transfer completes faster than the allowed rate, curl waits until the next transfer is started to maintain the requested rate. This option has no effect when The request rate is provided as "N/U" where N is an integer number and U is a time unit. Supported units are 's' (second), 'm' (minute), 'h' (hour) and 'd' /(day, as in a 24 hour unit). The default time unit, if no "/U" is provided, is number of transfers If curl is told to allow 10 requests per minute, it does not start the next request until 6 seconds have elapsed since the previous This function uses millisecond resolution. If the allowed frequency is set more than 1000 per second, it instead runs When retrying transfers, enabled with --retry, the separate retry delay logic is used and not this setting. Starting in version 8.10.0, you can specify number of time units in the rate expression. Make curl do no more than 5 transfers per 15 seconds with "5/15s" or limit it to 3 transfers per 4 hours with "3/4h". No spaces allowed. use of --next. If --rate is provided several times, the last set curl --rate 2/s https://example.com ... curl --rate 3/h https://example.com ... curl --rate 14/m https://example.com ... Added in 7.84.0. See also --limit-rate and --retry-delay. (HTTP) When used, it disables all internal HTTP decoding of content or transfer encodings and instead makes them passed on unaltered, raw. Providing --raw multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-raw. curl --raw https://example.com (HTTP) Set the referrer URL in the HTTP request. This can also be set with the --header flag of course. When used with --location you can append ";auto"" to the --referer URL to make curl automatically set the previous URL when it follows a Location: header. The ";auto" string can be used alone, even if you do not set an initial --referer. If --referer is provided several times, curl --referer "https://fake.example" https://example.com curl --referer "https://fake.example;auto" -L https://example.com curl --referer ";auto" -L https://example.com See also --user-agent and --header. (HTTP) Tell the --remote-name option to use the server-specified Content-Disposition filename instead of extracting a filename from the URL. If the server-provided filename contains a path, that is stripped off before the filename is used. The file is saved in the current directory, or in the directory specified with --output-dir. If the server specifies a filename and a file with that name already exists in the destination directory, it is not overwritten and an error occurs - unless you allow it by using the --clobber option. If the server does not specify a filename then this option There is no attempt to decode %-sequences (yet) in the provided filename, so this option may provide you with rather unexpected This feature uses the name from the "filename" field, it does not yet support the "filename*" field (filenames with explicit WARNING: Exercise judicious use of this option, especially on Windows. A rogue server could send you the name of a DLL or other file that could be loaded automatically by Windows or some third party software. Providing --remote-header-name multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-remote-header-name. curl -OJ https://example.com/file Write output to a local file named like the remote file we get. (Only the file part of the remote file is used, the path is cut The file is saved in the current working directory. If you want the file saved in a different directory, make sure you change the current working directory before invoking curl with this option or The remote filename to use for saving is extracted from the given URL, nothing else, and if it already exists it is overwritten. If you want the server to be able to choose the filename refer to --remote-header-name which can be used in addition to this option. If the server chooses a filename and that name already exists it There is no URL decoding done on the filename. If it has %20 or other URL encoded parts of the name, they end up as-is as Before curl 8.10.0, curl returned an error if the URL ended with a slash, which means that there is no filename part in the URL. Starting in 8.10.0, curl sets the filename to the last directory part of the URL or if that also is missing to "curl_response" (without extension) for this situation. --remote-name is associated with a single URL. Use it once per URL when you use several URLs in a command line. curl -O https://example.com/filename curl -O https://example.com/filename -O https://example.com/file2 See also --remote-name-all, --output-dir and --remote-header-name. Change the default action for all given URLs to be dealt with as if --remote-name were used for each one. If you want to disable that for a specific URL after --remote-name-all has been used, you must use "-o -" or --no-remote-name. Providing --remote-name-all curl --remote-name-all ftp://example.com/file1 \ Make curl attempt to figure out the timestamp of the remote file that is getting downloaded, and if that is available make the local file get that same timestamp. Providing --remote-time curl --remote-time -o foo https://example.com See also --remote-name and --time-cond. Remove output file if an error occurs. If curl returns an error when told to save output in a local file. This prevents curl from leaving a partial file in the case of an error during transfer. If the output is not a regular file, this option has no effect. --remove-on-error. Providing --remove-on-error multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-remove-on-error. curl --remove-on-error -o output https://example.com Added in 7.83.0. See also --fail. Change the method to use when starting the transfer. curl passes on the verbatim string you give it in the request without any filter or other safe guards. That includes white space Specifies a custom request method to use when communicating with the HTTP server. The specified request method is used instead of the method otherwise used (which defaults to GET). Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for details and explanations. Common additional HTTP requests include PUT and DELETE, while related technologies like WebDAV offers PROPFIND, COPY, MOVE Normally you do not need this option. All sorts of GET, HEAD, POST and PUT requests are rather invoked by using dedicated This option only changes the actual word used in the HTTP request, it does not alter the way curl behaves. For example if you want to make a proper HEAD request, using -X HEAD does not suffice. You need to use the --head option. The method string you set with --request is used for all requests, which if you for example use --location may cause unintended side-effects when curl does not change request method according to the HTTP 30x response codes - and similar. Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead of LIST when Specifies a custom POP3 command to use instead of LIST or Specifies a custom IMAP command to use instead of LIST. Specifies a custom SMTP command to use instead of HELP or If --request is provided several times, the last set value is curl -X "DELETE" https://example.com curl -X NLST ftp://example.com/ (HTTP) Use an alternative target (path) instead of using the path as provided in the URL. Particularly useful when wanting to issue HTTP requests without leading slash or other data that does not follow the regular URL pattern, like "OPTIONS *". curl passes on the verbatim string you give it its the request and control characters. If --request-target is provided several curl --request-target "*" -X OPTIONS https://example.com --resolve <[+]host:port:addr[,addr]...> Provide a custom address for a specific host and port pair. Using this, you can make the curl requests(s) use a specified address and prevent the otherwise normally resolved address to be used. Consider it a sort of /etc/hosts alternative provided on the command line. The port number should be the number used for the specific protocol the host is used for. It means you need several entries if you want to provide addresses for the same host but By specifying "*" as host you can tell curl to resolve any host and specific port pair to the specified address. Wildcard is resolved last so any --resolve with a specific host and port is The provided address set by this option is used even if --ipv4 or --ipv6 is set to make curl use another IP version. By prefixing the host with a '+' you can make the entry time out after curl's default timeout (1 minute). Note that this only makes sense for long running parallel transfers with a lot of files. In such cases, if this option is used curl tries to resolve the host as it normally would once the timeout has expired. Provide IPv6 addresses within [brackets]. To redirect connects from a specific hostname or any hostname, independently of port number, consider the --connect-to option. Support for resolving with wildcard was added in 7.64.0. Support for the '+' prefix was added in 7.75.0. Support for specifying the host component as an IPv6 address was added in 8.13.0. --resolve can be used several times in a command curl --resolve example.com:443:127.0.0.1 https://example.com curl --resolve example.com:443:[2001:db8::252f:efd6] \ See also --connect-to and --alt-svc. If a transient error is returned when curl tries to perform a transfer, it retries this number of times before giving up. Setting the number to 0 makes curl do no retries (which is the default). Transient error means either: a timeout, an FTP 4xx response code or an HTTP 408, 429, 500, 502, 503 or 504 response When curl is about to retry a transfer, it first waits one second and then for all forthcoming retries it doubles the waiting time until it reaches 10 minutes which then remains delay between the rest of the retries. By using --retry-delay you disable this exponential backoff algorithm. See also --retry-max-time to limit the total time allowed for retries. curl complies with the Retry-After: response header if one was present to know when to issue the next retry (added in 7.66.0). If --retry is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --retry 7 https://example.com See also --retry-max-time. Retry on any error. This option is used together with --retry. This option is the "sledgehammer" of retrying. Do not use this option by default (for example in your curlrc), there may be unintended consequences such as sending or receiving duplicate data. Do not use with redirected input or output. You might be better off handling your unique problems in a shell script. Please WARNING: For server compatibility curl attempts to retry failed flaky transfers as close as possible to how they were started, but this is not possible with redirected input or output. For example, before retrying it removes output data from a failed partial transfer that was written to an output file. However this is not true of data redirected to a | pipe or > file, which are not reset. We strongly suggest you do not parse or record output via redirect in combination with this option, since you may receive By default curl does not return error for transfers with an HTTP response code that indicates an HTTP error, if the transfer was successful. For example, if a server replies 404 Not Found and the reply is fully received then that is not an error. When --retry is used then curl retries on some HTTP response codes that indicate transient HTTP errors, but that does not include most 4xx response codes such as 404. If you want to retry on all response codes that indicate HTTP errors (4xx and 5xx) then combine with --fail. Providing --retry-all-errors multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-retry-all-errors. curl --retry 5 --retry-all-errors https://example.com Added in 7.71.0. See also --retry. In addition to the other conditions, consider ECONNREFUSED as a transient error too for --retry. This option is used together with --retry. Providing --retry-connrefused multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-retry-connrefused. curl --retry-connrefused --retry 7 https://example.com See also --retry and --retry-all-errors. Make curl sleep this amount of time before each retry when a transfer has failed with a transient error (it changes the default backoff time algorithm between retries). This option is only interesting if --retry is also used. Setting this delay to zero makes curl use the default backoff time. If --retry-delay is curl --retry-delay 5 --retry 7 https://example.com --retry-max-time <seconds> The retry timer is reset before the first transfer attempt. Retries are done as usual (see --retry) as long as the timer has not reached this given limit. Notice that if the timer has not reached the limit, the request is made and while performing, it may take longer than this given time period. To limit a single request's maximum time, use --max-time. Set this option to zero to not timeout retries. If --retry-max-time is provided several curl --retry-max-time 30 --retry 10 https://example.com --sasl-authzid <identity> Use this authorization identity (authzid), during SASL PLAIN authentication, in addition to the authentication identity (authcid) as specified by --user. If the option is not specified, the server derives the authzid from the authcid, but if specified, and depending on the server implementation, it may be used to access another user's inbox, that the user has been granted access to, or a shared mailbox for example. If --sasl-authzid is provided several times, the last set curl --sasl-authzid zid imap://example.com/ Added in 7.66.0. See also --login-options. Enable initial response in SASL authentication. Providing --sasl-ir multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --sasl-ir imap://example.com/ See also --sasl-authzid. Set the service name for SPNEGO. If --service-name is provided curl --service-name sockd/server https://example.com See also --negotiate and --proxy-service-name. When used with --silent, it makes curl show an error message if it use of --next. Providing --show-error multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-show-error. curl --show-error --silent https://example.com See also --no-progress-meter. (HTTP FTP) Show response headers in the output. HTTP response headers can include things like server name, cookies, date of the document, HTTP version and more. With non-HTTP protocols, the "headers" are other server communication. This option makes the response headers get saved in the same stream/output as the data. --dump-header exists to save headers in To view the request headers, consider the --verbose option. Prior to 7.75.0 curl did not print the headers if --fail was used in combination with this option and there was error reported by This option was called --include before 8.10.0. The previous name remains functional. Providing --show-headers multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-show-headers. curl -i https://example.com See also --verbose and --dump-header. Silent or quiet mode. Do not show progress meter or error messages. Makes curl mute. It still outputs the data you ask for, potentially even to the terminal/stdout unless you redirect it. Use --show-error in addition to this option to disable progress meter but still show error messages. Providing --silent multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-silent. curl -s https://example.com See also --verbose, --stderr and --no-progress-meter. If there is a local file present when a download is requested, the operation is skipped. Note that curl cannot know if the local file was previously downloaded fine, or if it is incomplete etc, it just knows if there is a filename present in the file system or not and it skips the transfer if it is. Providing --skip-existing curl --skip-existing --output local/dir/file https://example.com Added in 8.10.0. See also --output, --remote-name and Use the specified SOCKS4 proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. Using this socket type make curl resolve the hostname and passing the address on to the proxy. To specify proxy on a Unix domain socket, use localhost for host, e.g. "socks4://localhost/path/to/socket.sock" This option overrides any previous use of --proxy, as they are This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks4 proxy with --proxy using a socks4:// protocol prefix. --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at the same time proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In such a case, curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy. If --socks4 is provided several times, curl --socks4 hostname:4096 https://example.com See also --socks4a, --socks5 and --socks5-hostname. Use the specified SOCKS4a proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. This asks the proxy to e.g. "socks4a://localhost/path/to/socket.sock" This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks4a proxy with --proxy using a socks4a:// protocol prefix. --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In such a case, curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy. If --socks4a is provided curl --socks4a hostname:4096 https://example.com See also --socks4, --socks5 and --socks5-hostname. Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy - but resolve the hostname locally. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. e.g. "socks5://localhost/path/to/socket.sock" This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks5 proxy with --proxy using a socks5:// protocol prefix. SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy. This option does not work with FTPS or LDAP. If --socks5 is curl --socks5 proxy.example:7000 https://example.com See also --socks5-hostname and --socks4a. Use username/password authentication when connecting to a SOCKS5 proxy. The username/password authentication is enabled by default. Use --socks5-gssapi to force GSS-API authentication to SOCKS5 proxies. Providing --socks5-basic multiple times has no extra curl --socks5-basic --socks5 hostname:4096 https://example.com Use GSS-API authentication when connecting to a SOCKS5 proxy. The GSS-API authentication is enabled by default (if curl is compiled with GSS-API support). Use --socks5-basic to force username/password authentication to SOCKS5 proxies. Providing --socks5-gssapi multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-socks5-gssapi. curl --socks5-gssapi --socks5 hostname:4096 https://example.com As part of the GSS-API negotiation a protection mode is negotiated. RFC 1961 says in section 4.3/4.4 it should be protected, but the NEC reference implementation does not. The option --socks5-gssapi-nec allows the unprotected exchange of the protection mode negotiation. Providing --socks5-gssapi-nec curl --socks5-gssapi-nec --socks5 hostname:4096 \ --socks5-gssapi-service <name> Set the service name for a socks server. Default is rcmd/server-fqdn. If --socks5-gssapi-service is provided several curl --socks5-gssapi-service sockd --socks5 hostname:4096 \ --socks5-hostname <host[:port]> Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy (and let the proxy resolve the hostname). If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at e.g. "socks5h://localhost/path/to/socket.sock" This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks5 hostname proxy with --proxy using a socks5h:// protocol prefix. SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy. If --socks5-hostname is curl --socks5-hostname proxy.example:7000 https://example.com See also --socks5 and --socks4a. -Y, --speed-limit <speed> If a transfer is slower than this set speed (in bytes per second) for a given number of seconds, it gets aborted. The time period is set with --speed-time and is 30 seconds by default. If --speed-limit is provided several times, the last set value is curl --speed-limit 300 --speed-time 10 https://example.com See also --speed-time, --limit-rate and --max-time. -y, --speed-time <seconds> If a transfer runs slower than speed-limit bytes per second during a speed-time period, the transfer is aborted. If speed-time is used, the default speed-limit is 1 unless set with --speed-limit. This option controls transfers (in both directions) but does not affect slow connects etc. If this is a concern for you, try the --connect-timeout option. If --speed-time is provided several See also --speed-limit and --limit-rate. (FTP IMAP POP3 SMTP LDAP) Warning: this is considered an insecure option. Consider using --ssl-reqd instead to be sure curl upgrades Try to use SSL/TLS for the connection - often referred to as STARTTLS or STLS because of the involved commands. Reverts to a non-secure connection if the server does not support SSL/TLS. See also --ftp-ssl-control and --ssl-reqd for different levels of This option is handled in LDAP (added in 7.81.0). It is fully supported by the OpenLDAP backend and ignored by the generic ldap Please note that a server may close the connection if the negotiation does not succeed. This option was formerly known as --ftp-ssl. That option name can still be used but might be removed in a future version. Providing --ssl multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with curl --ssl pop3://example.com/ See also --ssl-reqd, --insecure and --ciphers. (TLS) Do not work around a security flaw in the TLS1.0 protocol known as BEAST. If this option is not used, the TLS layer may use workarounds known to cause interoperability problems with some older server implementations. This option only changes how curl does TLS 1.0 and has no effect flag you ask for exactly that. Providing --ssl-allow-beast curl --ssl-allow-beast https://example.com See also --proxy-ssl-allow-beast and --insecure. (TLS) (Schannel) Automatically locate and use a client certificate for authentication, when requested by the server. Since the server can request any certificate that supports client authentication in the OS certificate store it could be a privacy violation and unexpected. Providing --ssl-auto-client-cert multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-ssl-auto-client-cert. curl --ssl-auto-client-cert https://example.com Added in 7.77.0. See also --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert. (TLS) (Schannel) Disable certificate revocation checks. WARNING: this option loosens the SSL security, and by using this flag you ask for exactly that. Providing --ssl-no-revoke multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-ssl-no-revoke. curl --ssl-no-revoke https://example.com (FTP IMAP POP3 SMTP LDAP) Require SSL/TLS for the connection - often referred to as STARTTLS or STLS because of the involved commands. Terminates the connection if the transfer cannot be supported by the OpenLDAP backend and rejected by the generic ldap backend if explicit TLS is required. This option is unnecessary if you use a URL scheme that in itself implies immediate and implicit use of TLS, like for FTPS, IMAPS, POP3S, SMTPS and LDAPS. Such a transfer always fails if the TLS This option was formerly known as --ftp-ssl-reqd. Providing --ssl-reqd multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --ssl-reqd ftp://example.com See also --ssl and --insecure. (TLS) (Schannel) Ignore certificate revocation checks when they failed due to missing/offline distribution points for the revocation check lists. Providing --ssl-revoke-best-effort --no-ssl-revoke-best-effort. curl --ssl-revoke-best-effort https://example.com Added in 7.70.0. See also --crlfile and --insecure. --ssl-sessions <filename> (TLS) Use the given file to load SSL session tickets into curl's cache before starting any transfers. At the end of a successful curl run, the cached SSL sessions tickets are save to the file, replacing any previous content. The file does not have to exist, but curl reports an error if it is unable to create it. Unused loaded tickets are saved again, unless they get replaced or purged from the cache for space Using a session file allows "--tls-earlydata" to send the first request in "0-RTT" mode, should an SSL session with the feature be found. Note that a server may not support early data. Also note that early data does not provide forward secrecy, e.g. is not as The SSL session tickets are stored as base64 encoded text, each ticket on its own line. The hostnames are cryptographically salted and hashed. While this prevents someone to easily see the hosts you contacted, they could still check if a specific hostname matches one of the values. If --ssl-sessions is provided several curl --ssl-sessions sessions.txt https://example.com Added in 8.12.0. See also --tls-earlydata. (SSL) This option previously asked curl to use SSLv2, but is now ignored (added in 7.77.0). SSLv2 is widely considered insecure (see RFC 6176). Providing --sslv2 multiple times has no extra curl --sslv2 https://example.com --sslv2 requires that libcurl is built to support TLS. This option is mutually exclusive with --sslv3, --tlsv1, --tlsv1.1 and --tlsv1.2. See also --http1.1 and --http2. (SSL) This option previously asked curl to use SSLv3, but is now ignored (added in 7.77.0). SSLv3 is widely considered insecure (see RFC 7568). Providing --sslv3 multiple times has no extra curl --sslv3 https://example.com --sslv3 requires that libcurl is built to support TLS. This option is mutually exclusive with --sslv2, --tlsv1, --tlsv1.1 and Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file instead. If the filename is a plain '-', it is instead written to stdout. use of --next. If --stderr is provided several times, the last set curl --stderr output.txt https://example.com See also --verbose and --silent. Enable automatic use of bold font styles when writing HTTP headers to the terminal. Use --no-styled-output to switch them off. Styled output requires a terminal that supports bold fonts. This feature is not present on curl for Windows due to lack of this use of --next. Providing --styled-output multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-styled-output. curl --styled-output -I https://example.com Added in 7.61.0. See also --head and --verbose. --suppress-connect-headers When --proxytunnel is used and a CONNECT request is made do not output proxy CONNECT response headers. This option is meant to be used with --dump-header or --show-headers which are used to show protocol headers in the output. It has no effect on debug options such as --verbose or --trace, or any statistics. Providing --suppress-connect-headers multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-suppress-connect-headers. curl --suppress-connect-headers --show-headers -x proxy \ See also --dump-header, --show-headers and --proxytunnel. Enable use of TCP Fast Open (RFC 7413). TCP Fast Open is a TCP extension that allows data to get sent earlier over the connection (before the final handshake ACK) if the client and server have been connected previously. Providing --tcp-fastopen multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-tcp-fastopen. curl --tcp-fastopen https://example.com Turn on the TCP_NODELAY option. See the curl_easy_setopt(3) man page for details about this option. curl sets this option by default and you need to explicitly switch it off if you do not want it on. Providing --tcp-nodelay multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-tcp-nodelay. curl --tcp-nodelay https://example.com -t, --telnet-option <opt=val> Pass options to the telnet protocol. Supported options are: Sets the X display location. Sets an environment variable. --telnet-option can be used several times in a command line curl -t TTYPE=vt100 telnet://example.com/ (TFTP) Set the TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be 512 or larger). This is the block size that curl tries to use when transferring data to or from a TFTP server. By default 512 bytes are used. If --tftp-blksize is provided several times, the last set value is curl --tftp-blksize 1024 tftp://example.com/file See also --tftp-no-options. (TFTP) Do not to send TFTP options requests. This improves interop with some legacy servers that do not acknowledge or properly implement TFTP options. When this option is used --tftp-blksize is ignored. Providing --tftp-no-options multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-tftp-no-options. curl --tftp-no-options tftp://192.168.0.1/ See also --tftp-blksize. (HTTP FTP) Request a file that has been modified later than the given time and date, or one that has been modified before that time. The date expression can be all sorts of date strings or if it does not match any internal ones, it is treated as a filename and curl tries to get the modification date (mtime) from that file instead. See the curl_getdate(3) man pages for date expression Start the date expression with a dash (-) to make it request for a document that is older than the given date/time, default is a document that is newer than the specified date/time. If provided a non-existing file, curl outputs a warning about that fact and proceeds to do the transfer without a time condition. If --time-cond is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl -z "Wed 01 Sep 2021 12:18:00" https://example.com curl -z "-Wed 01 Sep 2021 12:18:00" https://example.com curl -z file https://example.com See also --etag-compare and --remote-time. (TLS) Enable the use of TLSv1.3 early data, also known as '0RTT' where possible. This has security implications for the requests This option is used when curl is built to use GnuTLS. If a server supports this TLSv1.3 feature, and to what extent, is announced as part of the TLS "session" sent back to curl. Until curl has seen such a session in a previous request, early data When a new connection is initiated with a known TLSv1.3 session, and that session announced early data support, the first request on this connection is sent before the TLS handshake is complete. While the early data is also encrypted, it is not protected against replays. An attacker can send your early data to the server again and the server would accept it. If your request contacts a public server and only retrieves a file, there may be no harm in that. If the first request orders a refrigerator for you, it is probably not a good idea to use early data for it. curl cannot deduce what the security implications of your requests actually are and make this decision for you. The amount of early data sent can be inspected by using the "--write-out" variable "tls_earlydata". WARNING: this option has security implications. See above for more details. Providing --tls-earlydata multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-tls-earlydata. curl --tls-earlydata https://example.com Added in 8.11.0. See also --tlsv1.3, --tls-max and --ssl-sessions. (TLS) Set the maximum allowed TLS version. The minimum acceptable version is set by tlsv1.0, tlsv1.1, tlsv1.2 or tlsv1.3. If the connection is done without TLS, this option has no effect. This includes QUIC-using (HTTP/3) transfers. Use up to recommended TLS version. If --tls-max is provided several times, the last set value is curl --tls-max 1.2 https://example.com curl --tls-max 1.3 --tlsv1.2 https://example.com --tls-max requires that libcurl is built to support TLS. See also --tlsv1.0, --tlsv1.1, --tlsv1.2 and --tlsv1.3. (TLS) Set which cipher suites to use in the connection if it negotiates TLS 1.3. The list of ciphers suites must specify valid ciphers. Read up on TLS 1.3 cipher suite details on this URL: later, wolfSSL, or mbedTLS 3.6.0 or later. were set by using the --ciphers option. If --tls13-ciphers is curl --tls13-ciphers TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 https://example.com Added in 7.61.0. See also --ciphers, --proxy-tls13-ciphers and (TLS) Set TLS authentication type. Currently, the only supported option is "SRP", for TLS-SRP (RFC 5054). If --tlsuser and --tlspassword are specified but --tlsauthtype is not, then this option defaults to "SRP". This option works only if the underlying libcurl is built with TLS-SRP support, which requires OpenSSL or GnuTLS with TLS-SRP support. If --tlsauthtype is provided several curl --tlsauthtype SRP https://example.com (TLS) Set password to use with the TLS authentication method specified with --tlsauthtype. Requires that --tlsuser is set. This option does not work with TLS 1.3. If --tlspassword is curl --tlspassword pwd --tlsuser user https://example.com (TLS) Set username for use with the TLS authentication method specified with --tlsauthtype. Requires that --tlspassword also is This option does not work with TLS 1.3. If --tlsuser is provided (TLS) Use at least TLS version 1.x when negotiating with a remote TLS server. That means TLS version 1.0 or higher Providing --tlsv1 multiple times has no extra effect. curl --tlsv1 https://example.com --tlsv1 requires that libcurl is built to support TLS. This option is mutually exclusive with --tlsv1.1, --tlsv1.2 and --tlsv1.3. See (TLS) Force curl to use TLS version 1.0 or later when connecting In old versions of curl this option was documented to allow _only_ TLS 1.0. That behavior was inconsistent depending on the TLS library. Use --tls-max if you want to set a maximum TLS version. Providing --tlsv1.0 multiple times has no extra effect. curl --tlsv1.0 https://example.com (TLS) Force curl to use TLS version 1.1 or later when connecting TLS 1.1. That behavior was inconsistent depending on the TLS Providing --tlsv1.1 multiple times has no extra effect. curl --tlsv1.1 https://example.com See also --tlsv1.3 and --tls-max. (TLS) Force curl to use TLS version 1.2 or later when connecting TLS 1.2. That behavior was inconsistent depending on the TLS Providing --tlsv1.2 multiple times has no extra effect. curl --tlsv1.2 https://example.com (TLS) Force curl to use TLS version 1.3 or later when connecting Note that TLS 1.3 is not supported by all TLS backends. Providing --tlsv1.3 multiple times has no extra effect. curl --tlsv1.3 https://example.com See also --tlsv1.2 and --tls-max. (HTTP) Request a compressed Transfer-Encoding response using one of the algorithms curl supports, and uncompress the data while receiving it. Providing --tr-encoding multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-tr-encoding. curl --tr-encoding https://example.com Save a full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, including descriptive information, in the given output file. Use "-" as filename to have the output sent to stdout. Use "%" as filename to have the output sent to stderr. Note that verbose output of curl activities and network traffic might contain sensitive data, including usernames, credentials or secret data content. Be aware and be careful when sharing trace use of --next. If --trace is provided several times, the last set curl --trace log.txt https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --verbose and --trace-ascii. See also --trace-ascii, --trace-config, --trace-ids filename to send the output to stderr. This is similar to --trace, but leaves out the hex part and only shows the ASCII part of the dump. It makes smaller output that might be easier to read for untrained humans. use of --next. If --trace-ascii is provided several times, the curl --trace-ascii log.txt https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --trace and --verbose. See also --verbose and --trace. Set configuration for trace output. A comma-separated list of components where detailed output can be made available from. Names are case-insensitive. Specify 'all' to enable all trace In addition to trace component names, specify "ids" and "time" to avoid extra --trace-ids or --trace-time parameters. See the curl_global_trace(3) man page for more details. use of --next. --trace-config can be used several times in a curl --trace-config ids,http/2 https://example.com Added in 8.3.0. See also --verbose and --trace. Prepend the transfer and connection identifiers to each trace or verbose line that curl displays. use of --next. Providing --trace-ids multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-trace-ids. curl --trace-ids --trace-ascii output https://example.com Added in 8.2.0. See also --trace and --verbose. Prepend a time stamp to each trace or verbose line that curl use of --next. Providing --trace-time multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-trace-time. curl --trace-time --trace-ascii output https://example.com See also --trace and --verbose. (HTTP) Connect through this Unix domain socket, instead of using the network. If --unix-socket is provided several times, the last curl --unix-socket socket-path https://example.com See also --abstract-unix-socket. Upload the specified local file to the remote URL. If there is no file part in the specified URL, curl appends the local file name to the end of the URL before the operation starts. You must use a trailing slash (/) on the last directory to prove to curl that there is no filename or curl thinks that your last directory name is the remote filename to use. When putting the local filename at the end of the URL, curl ignores what is on the left side of any slash (/) or backslash (\\) used in the filename and only appends what is on the right side of the rightmost such character. Use the filename "-" (a single dash) to use stdin instead of a given file. Alternately, the filename "." (a single period) may be specified instead of "-" to use stdin in non-blocking mode to allow reading server output while stdin is being uploaded. If this option is used with an HTTP(S) URL, the PUT method is You can specify one --upload-file for each URL on the command line. Each --upload-file + URL pair specifies what to upload and to where. curl also supports globbing of the --upload-file argument, meaning that you can upload multiple files to a single URL by using the same URL globbing style supported in the URL. When uploading to an SMTP server: the uploaded data is assumed to be RFC 5322 formatted. It has to feature the necessary set of headers and mail body formatted correctly by the user as curl does not transcode nor encode it further in any way. --upload-file is curl -T file https://example.com curl -T "img[1-1000].png" ftp://ftp.example.com/ curl --upload-file "{file1,file2}" https://example.com curl -T file -T file2 https://example.com https://example.com See also --get, --head, --request and --data. Specify additional behavior to apply to uploaded files. Flags are specified as either a single flag value or a comma-separated list of flag values. These values are case-sensitive and may be negated by prepending them with a '-' character. Currently the following flag values are accepted: answered, deleted, draft, flagged, and seen. The currently-accepted flag values are used to set flags on IMAP uploads. If --upload-flags is provided several times, the curl --upload-flags Flagged,!Seen --upload-file local/dir/file \ Added in 8.13.0. See also --upload-file. Specify a URL to fetch or send data to. If the given URL is missing a scheme (such as "http://" or "ftp://" etc) curl guesses which scheme to use based on the hostname. If the outermost subdomain name matches DICT, FTP, IMAP, LDAP, POP3 or SMTP case insensitively, then that protocol is used, otherwise it assumes HTTP. Scheme guessing can be avoided by providing a full URL including the scheme, or disabled by setting a default protocol, see --proto-default for details. To control where the contents of a retrieved URL is written instead of the default stdout, use the --output or the --remote-name options. When retrieving multiple URLs in a single invoke, each provided URL needs its own dedicated destination option unless --remote-name-all is used. On Windows, "file://" accesses can be converted to network accesses by the operating system. Starting in curl 8.13.0, curl can be told to download URLs provided in a text file, one URL per line. It is done by with "--url @filename": so instead of a URL, you specify a filename prefixed with the "@" symbol. It can be told to load the list of URLs from stdin by providing an argument like "@-". When downloading URLs given in a file, it implies using --remote-name for each provided URL. The URLs are full, there is no globbing applied or done on these. Features such as --skip-existing work fine in combination with this. Lines in the URL file that start with "#" are treated as comments and are skipped. --url can be used several times in a command line curl --url https://example.com See also --next, --config, --path-as-is and --disallow-username-in-url. (all) Add a piece of data, usually a name + value pair, to the end of the URL query part. The syntax is identical to that used for --data-urlencode with one extension: If the argument starts with a '+' (plus), the rest of the string is provided as-is unencoded. The query part of a URL is the one following the question mark on the right end. --url-query can be used several times in a command curl --url-query name=val https://example.com curl --url-query =encodethis http://example.net/foo curl --url-query name@file https://example.com curl --url-query @fileonly https://example.com curl --url-query "+name=%20foo" https://example.com Added in 7.87.0. See also --data-urlencode and --get. (FTP LDAP) Enable ASCII transfer mode. For FTP, this can also be enforced by using a URL that ends with ";type=A". This option causes data sent to stdout to be in text mode for Win32 systems. Providing --use-ascii multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-use-ascii. curl -B ftp://example.com/README See also --crlf and --data-ascii. -u, --user <user:password> Specify the username and password to use for server authentication. Overrides --netrc and --netrc-optional. If you simply specify the username, curl prompts for a password. The username and passwords are split up on the first colon, which makes it impossible to use a colon in the username with this option. The password can, still. used in clear text in a command line. When using Kerberos V5 with a Windows based server you should include the Windows domain name in the username, in order for the server to successfully obtain a Kerberos Ticket. If you do not, then the initial authentication handshake may fail. When using NTLM, the username can be specified simply as the username, without the domain, if there is a single domain and forest in your setup for example. To specify the domain name use either Down-Level Logon Name or UPN (User Principal Name) formats. For example, EXAMPLE\user and user@example.com respectively. If you use a Windows SSPI-enabled curl binary and perform Kerberos V5, Negotiate, NTLM or Digest authentication then you can tell curl to select the username and password from your environment by specifying a single colon with this option: "-u :". If --user is curl -u user:secret https://example.com See also --netrc and --config. (HTTP) Specify the User-Agent string to send to the HTTP server. To encode blanks in the string, surround the string with single quote marks. This header can also be set with the --header or the If you give an empty argument to --user-agent (""), it removes the header completely from the request. If you prefer a blank header, you can set it to a single space (" "). By default, curl uses curl/VERSION, such as User-Agent: curl/8.13.0. If --user-agent is provided several times, the last curl -A "Agent 007" https://example.com See also --header and --proxy-header. --variable <[%]name=text/@file> Set a variable with "name=content" or "name@file" (where "file" can be stdin if set to a single dash ("-")). The name is a case sensitive identifier that must consist of no other letters than a-z, A-Z, 0-9 or underscore. The specified content is then associated with this identifier. Setting the same variable name again overwrites the old contents The contents of a variable can be referenced in a later command line option when that option name is prefixed with "--expand-", and the name is used as "{{name}}". --variable can import environment variables into the name space. Opt to either require the environment variable to be set or provide a default value for the variable in case it is not already --variable %name imports the variable called "name" but exits with an error if that environment variable is not already set. To provide a default value if the environment variable is not set, use --variable %name=content or --variable %name@content. Note that on some systems - but not all - environment variables are Added in curl 8.12.0: you can get a byte range from the source by appending "[start-end]" to the variable name, where start and end are byte offsets to include from the contents. For example, asking for offset "2-10" means offset two to offset ten, inclusive, resulting in 9 bytes in total. "2-2" means a single byte at offset 2. Not providing a second number implies to the end of data. The start offset cannot be larger than the end offset. Asking for a range that is outside of the file size makes the variable contents empty. For example, getting the first one hundred bytes from a curl --variable "fraction[0-99]@filename" Given a byte range that has no data results in an empty string. Asking for a range that is larger than the content makes curl use the piece of the data that exists. To assign a variable using contents from another variable, use --expand-variable. Like for example assigning a new variable using curl --expand-variable "user={{firstname}} {{lastname}}" When expanding variables, curl supports a set of functions that can make the variable contents more convenient to use. You apply a function to a variable expansion by adding a colon and then list the desired functions in a comma-separated list that is evaluated in a left-to-right order. Variable content holding null bytes that are not encoded when expanded, causes an error. removes all leading and trailing white space. curl --expand-url https://example.com/{{var:trim}} outputs the content using JSON string quoting rules. curl --expand-data {{data:json}} https://example.com shows the content URL (percent) encoded. curl --expand-url https://example.com/{{path:url}} expands the variable base64 encoded curl --expand-url https://example.com/{{var:b64}} decodes a base64 encoded character sequence. If the sequence is not possible to decode, it instead outputs "[64dec-fail]" curl --expand-url https://example.com/{{var:64dec}} --variable can be used several times in a command line curl --variable name=smith --expand-url "https:\ Added in 8.3.0. See also --config. Make curl output verbose information during the operation. Useful for debugging and seeing what's going on under the hood. A line starting with > means header data sent by curl, < means header data received by curl that is hidden in normal cases, and a line starting with * means additional info provided by curl. If you only want HTTP headers in the output, --show-headers or --dump-header might be more suitable options. Since curl 8.10, mentioning this option several times in the same argument increases the level of the trace output. However, as before, a single --verbose or --no-verbose reverts any additions by previous "-vv" again. This means that "-vv -v" is equivalent to a single -v. This avoids unwanted verbosity when the option is mentioned in the command line and curl config files. Using it twice, e.g. "-vv", outputs time (--trace-time) and transfer ids (--trace-ids), as well as enable tracing for all protocols (--trace-config protocol). Adding a third verbose outputs transfer content (--trace-ascii %) and enable tracing of more components (--trace-config A forth time adds tracing of all network components. (--trace-config network). Any addition of the verbose option after that has no effect. If you think this option does not give you the right details, consider using --trace or --trace-ascii instead. Or use it only once and use --trace-config to trace the specific components you When the output contains protocol headers, those lines might include carriage return (ASCII code 13) characters, even on platforms that otherwise normally only use linefeed to signify line separations - as curl shows the exact contents arriving from use of --next. Providing --verbose multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-verbose. curl --verbose https://example.com This option is mutually exclusive with --trace and --trace-ascii. See also --show-headers, --silent, --trace and --trace-ascii. Display information about curl and the libcurl version it uses. The first line includes the full version of curl, libcurl and other 3rd party libraries linked with the executable. This line may contain one or more TLS libraries. curl can be built to support more than one TLS library which then makes curl - at start-up - select which particular backend to use for this If curl supports more than one TLS library like this, the ones that are not selected by default are listed within parentheses. Thus, if you do not specify which backend to use (with the "CURL_SSL_BACKEND" environment variable) the one listed without parentheses is used. Such builds also has "MultiSSL" set as a The second line (starts with "Release-Date:") shows the release The third line (starts with "Protocols:") shows all protocols that libcurl reports to support. The fourth line (starts with "Features:") shows specific features libcurl reports to offer. Available features include: Support for the Alt-Svc: header is provided. This curl uses asynchronous name resolves. Asynchronous name resolves can be done using either the c-ares or the threaded Support for automatic brotli compression over HTTP(S). curl was built with support for character set conversions This curl uses a libcurl built with Debug. This enables more error-tracking and memory debugging etc. For curl-developers The built-in SASL authentication includes extensions to support SCRAM because libcurl was built with libgsasl. HTTP/2 support has been built-in. HTTP/3 support has been built-in. This curl is built to support HTTPS proxy. This curl supports IDN - international domain names. You can use IPv6 with this. Kerberos V5 authentication is supported. This curl supports transfers of large files, files larger than Automatic decompression (via gzip, deflate) of compressed files over HTTP is supported. This curl supports multiple TLS backends. NTLM authentication is supported. NTLM delegation to winbind helper is supported. This feature was removed from curl in 8.8.0. PSL is short for Public Suffix List and means that this curl has been built with knowledge about "public suffixes". SPNEGO authentication is supported. SSL versions of various protocols are supported, such as HTTPS, FTPS, POP3S and so on. This build supports TLS session export/import, like with the SRP (Secure Remote Password) authentication is supported for Debug memory tracking is supported. Unicode support on Windows. Unix sockets support is provided. Automatic decompression (via zstd) of compressed files over See also --help and --manual. --vlan-priority <priority> (All) Set VLAN priority as defined in IEEE 802.1Q. This field is set on Ethernet level, and only works within a local The valid range for <priority> is 0 to 7. If --vlan-priority is curl --vlan-priority 4 https://example.com Added in 8.9.0. See also --ip-tos. Make curl display information on stdout after a completed transfer. The format is a string that may contain plain text mixed with any number of variables. The format can be specified as a literal "string", or you can have curl read the format from a file with "@filename" and to tell curl to read the format from stdin The variables present in the output format are substituted by the value or text that curl thinks fit, as described below. All variables are specified as %{variable_name} and to output a normal % you just write them as %%. You can output a newline by using \n, a carriage return with \r and a tab space with \t. The output is by default written to standard output, but can be changed with %{stderr} and %output{}. Output HTTP header values from the transfer's most recent server response by using %header{name} where name is the case insensitive name of the header (without the trailing colon). The header contents are exactly as delivered over the network but with leading and trailing whitespace and newlines stripped off (added Select a specific target destination file to write the output to, by using %output{name} (added in curl 8.3.0) where name is the full filename. The output following that instruction is then written to that file. More than one %output{} instruction can be specified in the same write-out argument. If the filename cannot be created, curl leaves the output destination to the one used prior to the %output{} instruction. Use %output{>>name} to append data to an existing file. This output is done independently of if the file transfer was If the specified action or output specified with this option fails in any way, it does not make curl return a (different) error. NOTE: On Windows, the %-symbol is a special symbol used to expand environment variables. In batch files, all occurrences of % must be doubled when using this option to properly escape. If this option is used at the command prompt then the % cannot be escaped and unintended expansion is possible. The variables available are: Output the certificate chain with details. Supported only by the OpenSSL, GnuTLS, Schannel, Rustls, and Secure Transport The connection identifier last used by the transfer. The connection id is unique number among all connections using the same connection cache. (Added in 8.2.0) The Content-Type of the requested document, if there was any. The error message. (Added in 7.75.0) The numerical exit code of the transfer. (Added in 7.75.0) The ultimate filename that curl writes out to. This is only meaningful if curl is told to write to a file with the --remote-name or --output option. It is most useful in combination with the --remote-header-name option. The initial path curl ended up in when logging on to the The value of header "name" from the transfer's most recent server response. Unlike other variables, the variable name "header" is not in braces. For example "%header{date}". Refer to --write-out remarks. (Added in 7.84.0) A JSON object with all HTTP response headers from the recent transfer. Values are provided as arrays, since in the case of multiple headers there can be multiple values. (Added in The header names provided in lowercase, listed in order of appearance over the wire. Except for duplicated headers. They are grouped on the first occurrence of that header, each value is presented in the JSON array. The numerical response code that was found in the last retrieved HTTP(S) or FTP(s) transfer. The numerical code that was found in the last response (from a proxy) to a curl CONNECT request. The http version that was effectively used. A JSON object with all available keys. (Added in 7.70.0) The IP address of the local end of the most recently done connection - can be either IPv4 or IPv6. The local port number of the most recently done connection. The http method used in the most recent HTTP request. (Added Number of server certificates received in the TLS handshake. Supported only by the OpenSSL, GnuTLS, Schannel, Rustls and Secure Transport backends. (Added in 7.88.0) Number of new connects made in the recent transfer. The number of response headers in the most recent request (restarted at each redirect). Note that the status line IS NOT Number of redirects that were followed in the request. Number of retries actually performed when "--retry" has been The rest of the output is only shown if the transfer returned a non-zero error. (Added in 7.75.0) From this point on, the --write-out output is written to the filename specified in braces. The filename can be prefixed with ">>" to append to the file. Unlike other variables, the variable name "output" is not in braces. For example "%output{>>stats.txt}". Refer to --write-out remarks. (Added The result of the HTTPS proxy's SSL peer certificate verification that was requested. 0 means the verification was Returns 1 if the previous transfer used a proxy, otherwise 0. Useful to for example determine if a "NOPROXY" pattern matched the hostname or not. (Added in 8.7.0) When an HTTP request was made without --location to follow redirects (or when --max-redirs is met), this variable shows the actual URL a redirect would have gone to. The Referer: header, if there was any. (Added in 7.76.0) The remote IP address of the most recently done connection - The remote port number of the most recently done connection. transfer (formerly known as "http_code"). The URL scheme (sometimes called protocol) that was The total amount of bytes that were downloaded. This is the size of the body/data that was transferred, excluding headers. The total amount of bytes of the downloaded headers. The total amount of bytes that were sent in the HTTP request. The total amount of bytes that were uploaded. This is the size of the body/data that was transferred, excluding headers. The average download speed that curl measured for the complete The average upload speed that curl measured for the complete The result of the SSL peer certificate verification that was requested. 0 means the verification was successful. From this point on, the --write-out output is written to standard error. (Added in 7.63.0) standard output. This is the default, but can be used to switch back after switching to stderr. (Added in 7.63.0) The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the SSL/SSH/etc connect/handshake to the remote host was The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the TCP connect to the remote host (or proxy) was completed. The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the name The time it took from the start until the last byte is sent by libcurl. In microseconds. (Added in 8.10.0) The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the file transfer was just about to begin. This includes all pre-transfer commands and negotiations that are specific to the particular protocol(s) involved. The time, in seconds, the transfer was queued during its run. This adds the queue time for each redirect step that may have happened. Transfers may be queued for significant amounts of time when connection or parallel limits are in place. (Added The time, in seconds, it took for all redirection steps including name lookup, connect, pretransfer and transfer before the final transaction was started. "time_redirect" shows the complete execution time for multiple redirections. The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the first byte is received. This includes time_pretransfer and also the time the server needed to calculate the result. The total time, in seconds, that the full operation lasted. The amount of bytes that were sent as TLSv1.3 early data. This is 0 if this TLS feature was not used and negative if the data sent had been rejected by the server. The use of early data is enabled via the command line option "--tls-earlydata". (Added The URL that was fetched. (Added in 7.75.0) The scheme part of the URL that was fetched. (Added in 8.1.0) The user part of the URL that was fetched. (Added in 8.1.0) The password part of the URL that was fetched. (Added in The options part of the URL that was fetched. (Added in 8.1.0) The host part of the URL that was fetched. (Added in 8.1.0) The port number of the URL that was fetched. If no port number was specified and the URL scheme is known, that scheme's default port number is shown. (Added in 8.1.0) The path part of the URL that was fetched. (Added in 8.1.0) The query part of the URL that was fetched. (Added in 8.1.0) The fragment part of the URL that was fetched. (Added in The zone id part of the URL that was fetched. (Added in 8.1.0) The scheme part of the effective (last) URL that was fetched. The user part of the effective (last) URL that was fetched. The password part of the effective (last) URL that was The options part of the effective (last) URL that was fetched. The host part of the effective (last) URL that was fetched. The port number of the effective (last) URL that was fetched. If no port number was specified, but the URL scheme is known, that scheme's default port number is shown. (Added in 8.1.0) The path part of the effective (last) URL that was fetched. The query part of the effective (last) URL that was fetched. The fragment part of the effective (last) URL that was The zone id part of the effective (last) URL that was fetched. The URL index number of this transfer, 0-indexed. Unglobbed URLs share the same index number as the origin globbed URL. The URL that was fetched last. This is most meaningful if you have told curl to follow location: headers. The numerical identifier of the last transfer done. -1 if no transfer has been started yet for the handle. The transfer id is unique among all transfers performed using the same connection cache. (Added in 8.2.0) If --write-out is provided several times, the last set value is curl -w '%{response_code}\n' https://example.com See also --verbose and --head. Store metadata in the extended file attributes. When saving output to a file, tell curl to store file metadata in extended file attributes. Currently, "curl" is stored in the "creator" attribute, the URL is stored in the "xdg.origin.url" attribute and, for HTTP, the content type is stored in the "mime_type" attribute. If the file system does not support extended attributes, a warning is issued. Providing --xattr curl --xattr -o storage https://example.com See also --remote-time, --write-out and --verbose. Default config file, see --config for details. The environment variables can be specified in lower case or upper case. The lower case version has precedence. "http_proxy" is an exception as it is only available in lower case. Using an environment variable to set the proxy has the same effect as http_proxy [protocol://]<host>[:port] Sets the proxy server to use for HTTP. HTTPS_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port] Sets the proxy server to use for HTTPS. [url-protocol]_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port] Sets the proxy server to use for [url-protocol], where the protocol is a protocol that curl supports and as specified in a URL. FTP, FTPS, ALL_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port] Sets the proxy server to use if no protocol-specific proxy is set. NO_PROXY <comma-separated list of hosts/domains> list of hostnames that should not go through any proxy. If set to an asterisk '*' only, it matches all hosts. Each name in this list is matched as either a domain name which contains the hostname, or the This environment variable disables use of the proxy even when specified with the --proxy option. That is NO_PROXY=direct.example.com curl -x http://proxy.example.com http://direct.example.com accesses the target URL directly, and http://somewhere.example.com accesses the target URL through the proxy. The list of hostnames can also be include numerical IP addresses, and IPv6 versions should then be given without enclosing brackets. IP addresses can be specified using CIDR notation: an appended slash and number specifies the number of "network bits" out of the address to use in the comparison (added in 7.86.0). For example "192.168.0.0/16" would match all addresses starting with "192.168". On Windows, this variable is used when trying to find the home directory. If the primary home variables are all unset. If set, the specified number of characters is used as the terminal width when the alternative progress-bar is shown. If not set, curl tries to figure it out using other ways. If set, it is used as the --cacert value. This environment variable is ignored if Schannel is used as the TLS backend. If set, is the first variable curl checks when trying to find its home directory. If not set, it continues to check XDG_CONFIG_HOME CURL_SSL_BACKEND <TLS backend> If curl was built with support for "MultiSSL", meaning that it has built-in support for more than one TLS backend, this environment variable can be set to the case insensitive name of the particular backend to use when curl is invoked. Setting a name that is not a built-in alternative makes curl stay with the default. SSL backend names (case-insensitive): bearssl, gnutls, mbedtls, openssl, rustls, schannel, secure-transport, wolfssl If set, this is used to find the home directory when that is needed. Like when looking for the default .curlrc. CURL_HOME and XDG_CONFIG_HOME have preference. If curl was built with HTTP/3 support, setting this environment variable to a local directory makes curl produce qlogs in that directory, using file names named after the destination connection id (in hex). Do note that these files can become rather large. Works with the ngtcp2 and quiche QUIC backends. Used on VMS when trying to detect if using a DCL or a Unix shell. If set, it is used as the --capath value. This environment variable is If you set this environment variable to a filename, curl stores TLS secrets from its connections in that file when invoked to enable you to analyze the TLS traffic in real time using network analyzing tools such as Wireshark. This works with the following TLS backends: OpenSSL, LibreSSL (TLS 1.2 max), BoringSSL, GnuTLS, wolfSSL and directory. If the other, primary, variable are all unset. If set, curl uses the path "$USERPROFILE\Application Data". If CURL_HOME is not set, this variable is checked when looking for a The proxy string may be specified with a protocol:// prefix to specify alternative proxy protocols. If no protocol is specified in the proxy string or if the string does not match a supported one, the proxy is treated as an HTTP proxy. The supported proxy protocol prefixes are as follows: Makes it use it as an HTTP proxy. The default if no scheme prefix is Makes it treated as an HTTPS proxy. Makes it the equivalent of --socks4 Makes it the equivalent of --socks4a Makes it the equivalent of --socks5 Makes it the equivalent of --socks5-hostname There are a bunch of different error codes and their corresponding error messages that may appear under error conditions. At the time of this writing, the exit codes are: Success. The operation completed successfully according to the Unsupported protocol. This build of curl has no support for this URL malformed. The syntax was not correct. A feature or option that was needed to perform the desired request was not enabled or was explicitly disabled at build-time. To make curl able to do this, you probably need another build of libcurl. Could not resolve proxy. The given proxy host could not be resolved. Could not resolve host. The given remote host could not be resolved. Weird server reply. The server sent data curl could not parse. FTP access denied. The server denied login or denied access to the particular resource or directory you wanted to reach. Most often you tried to change to a directory that does not exist on the server. FTP accept failed. While waiting for the server to connect back when an active FTP session is used, an error code was sent over the control FTP weird PASS reply. curl could not parse the reply sent to the PASS During an active FTP session while waiting for the server to connect back to curl, the timeout expired. FTP weird PASV reply, curl could not parse the reply sent to the PASV FTP weird 227 format. curl could not parse the 227-line the server FTP cannot use host. Could not resolve the host IP we got in the HTTP/2 error. A problem was detected in the HTTP2 framing layer. This is somewhat generic and can be one out of several problems, see the FTP could not set binary. Could not change transfer method to binary. Partial file. Only a part of the file was transferred. FTP could not download/access the given file, the RETR (or similar) FTP quote error. A quote command returned error from the server. HTTP page not retrieved. The requested URL was not found or returned another error with the HTTP error code being 400 or above. This return code only appears if --fail is used. Write error. curl could not write data to a local filesystem or Failed starting the upload. For FTP, the server typically denied the Read error. Various reading problems. Out of memory. A memory allocation request failed. Operation timeout. The specified time-out period was reached according FTP PORT failed. The PORT command failed. Not all FTP servers support the PORT command, try doing a transfer using PASV instead. FTP could not use REST. The REST command failed. This command is used HTTP range error. The range "command" did not work. HTTP post error. Internal post-request generation error. SSL connect error. The SSL handshaking failed. Bad download resume. Could not continue an earlier aborted download. FILE could not read file. Failed to open the file. Permissions? LDAP cannot bind. LDAP bind operation failed. Function not found. A required LDAP function was not found. Aborted by callback. An application told curl to abort the operation. Internal error. A function was called with a bad parameter. Interface error. A specified outgoing interface could not be used. Too many redirects. When following redirects, curl hit the maximum Unknown option specified to libcurl. This indicates that you passed a weird option to curl that was passed on to libcurl and rejected. Read The server did not reply anything, which here is considered an error. SSL crypto engine not found. Cannot set SSL crypto engine as default. Failed sending network data. Failure in receiving network data. Problem with the local certificate. Could not use specified SSL cipher. Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with known CA certificates. Unrecognized transfer encoding. Requested FTP SSL level failed. Sending the data requires a rewind that failed. Failed to initialize SSL Engine. The username, password, or similar was not accepted and curl failed to File not found on TFTP server. Permission problem on TFTP server. Out of disk space on TFTP server. Problem reading the SSL CA cert (path? access rights?). The resource referenced in the URL does not exist. An unspecified error occurred during the SSH session. Failed to shut down the SSL connection. Could not load CRL file, missing or wrong format. The FTP PRET command failed. Mismatch of RTSP CSeq numbers. Mismatch of RTSP Session Identifiers. Unable to parse FTP file list. FTP chunk callback reported error. No connection available, the session is queued. SSL public key does not matched pinned public key. Invalid SSL certificate status. Stream error in HTTP/2 framing layer. An API function was called from inside a callback. An authentication function returned an error. A problem was detected in the HTTP/3 layer. This is somewhat generic and can be one out of several problems, see the error message for QUIC connection error. This error may be caused by an SSL library error. QUIC is the protocol used for HTTP/3 transfers. A client-side certificate is required to complete the TLS handshake. Poll or select returned fatal error. A value or data field grew larger than allowed. More error codes might appear here in future releases. The existing ones are meant to never change. If you experience any problems with curl, submit an issue in the project's bug tracker on GitHub: https://github.com/curl/curl/issues Daniel Stenberg is the main author, but the whole list of contributors is found in the separate THANKS file. as source easily. You may choose to either not use them or implement /**** End of sample code ****/ * All curl_easy_setopt() options are documented at: * https://curl.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_setopt.html ************************************************************************/ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) Connect via abstract Unix domain socket Enable alt-svc with this cache file Pick any authentication method Append to target file when uploading --aws-sigv4 <provider1[:prvdr2[:reg[:srv]]]> CA certificate to verify peer against CA directory to verify peer against -E, --cert <certificate[:password]> Client certificate file and password Verify server cert status OCSP-staple Certificate type (DER/PEM/ENG/PROV/P12) TLS 1.2 (1.1, 1.0) ciphers to use --connect-timeout <seconds> Maximum time allowed to connect --connect-to <HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2> Connect to host2 instead of host1 Send cookies from string/load from file Save cookies to <filename> after operation Create necessary local directory hierarchy (EC) TLS key exchange algorithms to request --disallow-username-in-url --dns-interface <interface> Interface to use for DNS requests IPv4 address to use for DNS requests IPv6 address to use for DNS requests Verify DoH server cert status OCSP-staple Allow insecure DoH server connections Write the embedded CA bundle to standard output Write the received headers to <filename> EGD socket path for random data Parse incoming ETag and save to a file --expect100-timeout <seconds> How long to wait for 100-continue Fail fast with no output on HTTP errors Fail on HTTP errors but save the body Escape form fields using backslash --form-string <name=string> --ftp-alternative-to-user <command> Create the remote dirs if not present Send PASV/EPSV instead of PORT --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode <active/passive> Require TLS for login, clear for transfer Put the post data in the URL and use GET Disable URL globbing with {} and [] --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms <ms> Send HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header Pass custom header(s) to server Acceptable MD5 hash of host public key Acceptable SHA256 hash of host public key Enable HSTS with this cache file Use HTTP/2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade Ignore the size of the remote resource Allow insecure server connections Set IP Type of Service or Traffic Class Resolve names to IPv4 addresses Resolve names to IPv6 addresses Ignore session cookies read from file Maximum number of keepalive probes --keepalive-time <seconds> Interval time for keepalive probes Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) Enable Kerberos with security <level> Generate libcurl code for this command line Use a local port number within RANGE As --location, but send secrets to other hosts Originator address of the original email Maximum number of redirects allowed Maximum time allowed for transfer Process given URLs as metalink XML file Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication Must read .netrc for username and password Make next URL use separate options Disable the ALPN TLS extension Disable buffering of the output stream Do not overwrite files that already exist Disable TCP keepalive on the connection Do not show the progress meter Disable SSL session-ID reusing List of hosts which do not use proxy HTTP NTLM authentication with winbind Write to file instead of stdout Maximum concurrency for parallel transfers Passphrase for the private key Do not squash .. sequences in URL path Public key to verify peer against Do not switch to GET after a 301 redirect Do not switch to GET after a 302 redirect Do not switch to GET after a 303 redirect --preproxy <[protocol://]host[:port]> Display transfer progress as a bar --proto-default <protocol> Use PROTOCOL for any URL missing a scheme Enable/disable PROTOCOLS on redirect -x, --proxy <[protocol://]host[:port]> Pick any proxy authentication method Use Basic authentication on the proxy Load CA certs from the OS to verify proxy CA certificates to verify proxy against CA directory to verify proxy against --proxy-cert <cert[:passwd]> Set client certificate for proxy Client certificate type for HTTPS proxy TLS 1.2 (1.1, 1.0) ciphers to use for proxy --proxy-header <header/@file> Pass custom header(s) to proxy Skip HTTPS proxy cert verification Private key file type for proxy HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) auth with the proxy NTLM authentication with the proxy Passphrase for private key for HTTPS proxy --proxy-pinnedpubkey <hashes> FILE/HASHES public key to verify proxy with --proxy-service-name <name> Allow this security flaw for HTTPS proxy --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert Auto client certificate for proxy --proxy-tls13-ciphers <list> --proxy-tlsauthtype <type> TLS authentication type for HTTPS proxy --proxy-tlspassword <string> -U, --proxy-user <user:password> Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT) Send command(s) to server before transfer File for reading random data from Retrieve only the bytes within RANGE Request rate for serial transfers Do HTTP raw; no transfer decoding Use the header-provided filename Write output to file named as remote file Use the remote filename for all URLs Set remote file's time on local output Specify the target for this request --resolve <[+]host:port:addr[,addr]...> Retry request if transient problems occur Retry all errors (with --retry) Retry on connection refused (with --retry) --retry-max-time <seconds> Identity for SASL PLAIN authentication Initial response in SASL authentication Show error even when -s is used Show response headers in output Skip download if local file already exists SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port Username/password auth for SOCKS5 proxies Enable GSS-API auth for SOCKS5 proxies Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server --socks5-gssapi-service <name> SOCKS5 proxy service name for GSS-API --socks5-hostname <host[:port]> SOCKS5 proxy, pass hostname to proxy Stop transfers slower than this Trigger 'speed-limit' abort after this time Allow security flaw to improve interop Use auto client certificate (Schannel) Disable cert revocation checks (Schannel) Ignore missing cert CRL dist points Load/save SSL session tickets from/to this file Enable styled output for HTTP headers --suppress-connect-headers Suppress proxy CONNECT response headers Transfer based on a time condition Allow use of TLSv1.3 early data (0RTT) Request compressed transfer encoding Like --trace, but without hex output Details to log in trace/verbose output Transfer + connection ids in verbose output Add time stamps to trace/verbose output Connect through this Unix domain socket Transfer local FILE to destination Send User-Agent <name> to server --variable <[%]name=text/@file> Make the operation more talkative --vlan-priority <priority> Output FORMAT after completion Store metadata in extended file attributes "##`#`#$#&&'&&&&&&&'&&&&'&'$'4'D'T'd't''--|*----6+7+7+7+77+7+7+77+7l7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+76+7+7+7+77+7+7+77+7l72[Ӈ<cD!BYЂkٌDoDoDoDoDo pdڈDdu rtrLo!to{o"|l|qqqqpp>f}}p{|||<}<;pH~h~{~}%~,zRzzz-{z{zp{2|ĢآDossstTttouLuuuvwTwww xGx]xx8yPynyyyy zrs so;sT,Kf%KSgIΪ~pܨ$T;pő4k*TV#yo*)n$D̙ 5[Ŏ:zpҏmÐ@goJp8pIZϣά9ʛoo1Qɜs\̞2 2'Wvڠ *oG +|tttt ttttttx X ,K Ն 6 p Ȩ N Q -N ~ ) 0 'Z ] 4 | , ;2 P Wm V 2 0* 2 9 c> HA ?B JA f> 9 2 8* < " j lm P R2 D O y EZ 0 I ; ڬ 3~ RN B ɷ y .N Dp 6 0 YK E Y N c & o U3 @ h E Q a * b Ċ {W H% 6 S Hh 7< 7 ] &u Q ,0 ? s _ M l= / " o ] " . J= xM _ ^s ¹ q / Q t $ ; g B $ W O * 8a " 4 ?E 2 =o !& jc à C Y@"%s": %lu.%06lu "%s":null "%s":%ld %03ld %0*ld %5ld %4ldk %2ld.%0ldM %4ldM %2ld.%0ldG %4ldG %4ldT %4ldP %2ld:%02ld:%02ld %3ldd %02ldh %7ldd cannot open '%s' CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER %s:%d: '%s' %s unrecognized protocol '%s' %s, /dev/tty %s:%s \%03o \x%02x ... struct curl_slist *slist%d; slist%d = NULL; curl_slist_free_all(slist%d); object function %s was set to a%s %s pointer \\ \" \b \f \n \r \t \u%04x user.xdg.referrer.url : HTTP error (retrying all errors) : timeout curl: (%d) %s user.creator user.xdg.origin.url Failed writing body Throwing away %ld bytes Failed to truncate file Failed seeking to end of file Removed output file: %s Failed removing: %s %{ "curl_version": , } %header{ %output{ cert: [64dec-fail] bad range range overflow too many globs unmatched close brace/bracket unmatched brace nested brace empty string within braces unexpected close bracket bad range specification ? --proxy-capath --capath ENG Failed to open %s: %s If-None-Match: %s If-None-Match: "" ab curl_response bad output glob fcntl failed on fd=%d: %s IPFS_GATEWAY IPFS_PATH %s/.ipfs/ %sgateway %s%s/%s%s malformed target URL CURLOPT_TCP_NODELAY CURLOPT_TCP_FASTOPEN CURLOPT_OPENSOCKETFUNCTION CURLOPT_WRITEDATA CURLOPT_INTERLEAVEDATA CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION CURLOPT_READDATA CURLOPT_READFUNCTION CURLOPT_SEEKDATA CURLOPT_SEEKFUNCTION CURLOPT_BUFFERSIZE CURLOPT_URL CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS CURLOPT_NOBODY CURLOPT_XOAUTH2_BEARER CURLOPT_PROXY CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL CURLOPT_PRE_PROXY CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH CURLOPT_NOPROXY CURLOPT_FAILONERROR CURLOPT_REQUEST_TARGET CURLOPT_UPLOAD CURLOPT_DIRLISTONLY CURLOPT_APPEND CURLOPT_NETRC CURLOPT_NETRC_FILE CURLOPT_TRANSFERTEXT CURLOPT_LOGIN_OPTIONS CURLOPT_USERPWD CURLOPT_RANGE CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE_LARGE CURLOPT_MIMEPOST CURLOPT_MIME_OPTIONS CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER CURLOPT_REFERER CURLOPT_USERAGENT CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION CURLOPT_UNRESTRICTED_AUTH CURLOPT_AWS_SIGV4 CURLOPT_AUTOREFERER CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER CURLOPT_HEADEROPT CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION CURLOPT_POSTREDIR CURLOPT_ACCEPT_ENCODING CURLOPT_TRANSFER_ENCODING CURLOPT_HTTP09_ALLOWED CURLOPT_FTPPORT CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME CURLOPT_MAX_SEND_SPEED_LARGE CURLOPT_MAX_RECV_SPEED_LARGE CURLOPT_RESUME_FROM_LARGE CURLOPT_KEYPASSWD CURLOPT_PROXY_KEYPASSWD CURLOPT_SSH_PRIVATE_KEYFILE CURLOPT_SSH_PUBLIC_KEYFILE CURLOPT_SSH_COMPRESSION .ssh/known_hosts CURLOPT_SSH_KNOWNHOSTS CURLOPT_CAINFO CURLOPT_PROXY_CAINFO CURLOPT_CAPATH CURLOPT_PROXY_CAPATH CURLOPT_CRLFILE CURLOPT_PROXY_CRLFILE CURLOPT_PINNEDPUBLICKEY --pinnedpubkey CURLOPT_PROXY_PINNEDPUBLICKEY --proxy-pinnedpubkey CURLOPT_SSL_EC_CURVES CURLOPT_CERTINFO CURLOPT_SSLCERT CURLOPT_PROXY_SSLCERT CURLOPT_SSLCERTTYPE CURLOPT_PROXY_SSLCERTTYPE CURLOPT_SSLKEY CURLOPT_PROXY_SSLKEY CURLOPT_SSLKEYTYPE CURLOPT_PROXY_SSLKEYTYPE CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST CURLOPT_DOH_SSL_VERIFYPEER CURLOPT_DOH_SSL_VERIFYHOST CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_VERIFYPEER CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_VERIFYHOST CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYSTATUS CURLOPT_DOH_SSL_VERIFYSTATUS CURLOPT_SSL_FALSESTART CURLOPT_SSLVERSION CURLOPT_PROXY_SSLVERSION CURLOPT_SSL_OPTIONS CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_OPTIONS CURLOPT_PATH_AS_IS CURLOPT_FILETIME CURLOPT_CRLF CURLOPT_QUOTE CURLOPT_POSTQUOTE CURLOPT_PREQUOTE ;%s CURLOPT_COOKIE CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE_LARGE CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST HEAD CURLOPT_STDERR CURLOPT_INTERFACE CURLOPT_KRBLEVEL CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION CURLOPT_XFERINFODATA CURLOPT_DNS_SERVERS CURLOPT_DNS_INTERFACE CURLOPT_DNS_LOCAL_IP4 CURLOPT_DNS_LOCAL_IP6 CURLOPT_TELNETOPTIONS CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS CURLOPT_DOH_URL CURLOPT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST --ciphers CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_CIPHER_LIST --proxy-ciphers CURLOPT_TLS13_CIPHERS --tls13-ciphers CURLOPT_PROXY_TLS13_CIPHERS --proxy-tls13-ciphers CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPSV CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPRT CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION CURLOPT_DEBUGDATA CURLOPT_VERBOSE CURLOPT_SSLENGINE CURLOPT_MAXFILESIZE_LARGE CURLOPT_IPRESOLVE CURLOPT_USE_SSL CURLOPT_FTP_SSL_CCC CURLOPT_SOCKS5_GSSAPI_NEC CURLOPT_SOCKS5_AUTH CURLOPT_PROXY_SERVICE_NAME CURLOPT_SERVICE_NAME CURLOPT_FTP_ACCOUNT CURLOPT_IGNORE_CONTENT_LENGTH CURLOPT_FTP_SKIP_PASV_IP CURLOPT_FTP_FILEMETHOD CURLOPT_LOCALPORT CURLOPT_LOCALPORTRANGE CURLOPT_SSL_SESSIONID_CACHE CURLOPT_HTTP_CONTENT_DECODING CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPALIVE CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPIDLE CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPINTVL CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPCNT CURLOPT_TFTP_BLKSIZE CURLOPT_MAIL_FROM CURLOPT_MAIL_RCPT CURLOPT_MAIL_RCPT_ALLOWFAILS CURLOPT_FTP_USE_PRET CURLOPT_NEW_FILE_PERMS CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS_STR CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS_STR CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION CURLOPT_HEADERDATA CURLOPT_RESOLVE CURLOPT_CONNECT_TO CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_USERNAME CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_TYPE CURLOPT_PROXY_TLSAUTH_TYPE CURLOPT_GSSAPI_DELEGATION CURLOPT_MAIL_AUTH CURLOPT_SASL_AUTHZID CURLOPT_SASL_IR CURLOPT_SSL_ENABLE_ALPN CURLOPT_ABSTRACT_UNIX_SOCKET CURLOPT_UNIX_SOCKET_PATH CURLOPT_DEFAULT_PROTOCOL CURLOPT_EXPECT_100_TIMEOUT_MS CURLOPT_TFTP_NO_OPTIONS CURLOPT_HAPROXYPROTOCOL CURLOPT_HAPROXY_CLIENT_IP CURLOPT_ALTSVC CURLOPT_HSTS CURLOPT_ECH CURLOPT_SOCKOPTFUNCTION CURLOPT_SOCKOPTDATA CURLOPT_UPLOAD_FLAGS (%d) no URL specified CURL_CA_BUNDLE SSL_CERT_DIR SSL_CERT_FILE Overwriting variable '%s' CURLOPT_SSL_ENABLE_NPN CURLFTPSSL_CCC_NONE CURLFTPSSL_CCC_PASSIVE CURLFTPSSL_CCC_ACTIVE CURLUSESSL_NONE CURLUSESSL_TRY CURLUSESSL_CONTROL CURLUSESSL_ALL CURL_TIMECOND_IFMODSINCE CURL_TIMECOND_IFUNMODSINCE CURL_TIMECOND_LASTMOD CURL_TIMECOND_NONE CURLSSLOPT_ALLOW_BEAST CURLSSLOPT_NO_REVOKE CURLSSLOPT_NO_PARTIALCHAIN CURLSSLOPT_REVOKE_BEST_EFFORT CURLSSLOPT_NATIVE_CA CURLSSLOPT_AUTO_CLIENT_CERT CURL_HTTP_VERSION_NONE CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0 CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1 CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0 CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2TLS CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3 CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3ONLY CURL_NETRC_IGNORED CURL_NETRC_OPTIONAL CURL_NETRC_REQUIRED CURLAUTH_ANY CURLAUTH_ANYSAFE CURLAUTH_BASIC CURLAUTH_DIGEST CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE CURLAUTH_NTLM CURLAUTH_DIGEST_IE CURLAUTH_ONLY CURLAUTH_NONE CURLPROXY_HTTP CURLPROXY_HTTP_1_0 CURLPROXY_HTTPS CURLPROXY_SOCKS4 CURLPROXY_SOCKS5 CURLPROXY_SOCKS4A CURLPROXY_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME user.mime_type : connection refused : FTP error # Your SSL session cache. https://curl.se/docs/ssl-sessions.html # This file was generated by libcurl! Edit at your own risk. Warning: error saving SSL session for '%s': %d internal error: invalid pattern type (%d) curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, (curl_off_t)%ld); curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, %ldL); %s:%d: warning: '%s' uses unquoted whitespace This may cause side-effects. Consider using double quotes? Enter %s password for user '%s': Enter %s password for user '%s' on URL #%zu: slist%d = curl_slist_append(slist%d, "%s"); curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, slist%d); curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, "%s"); More details here: https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html curl failed to verify the legitimacy of the server and therefore could not establish a secure connection to it. To learn more about this situation and how to fix it, please visit the webpage mentioned above. curl: (%d) The requested URL returned error: %ld Error setting extended attributes on '%s': %s The Retry-After: time would make this command line exceed the maximum allowed time for retries. Problem %s. Will retry in %ld second%s. %ld retr%s left. curl: (%d) Failed writing body Skipping removal; not a regular file: %s Failed to set filetime %ld on '%s': %s curl: unknown --write-out variable: '%.*s' unknown variable function in '%.*s' %s in URL position %zu: %s %*s^ Got more output options than URLs Failed to allocate memory for custom etag header Failed creating file for saving etags: "%s". Skip this transfer No remote file name, uses "%s" Failed to extract a filename from the URL to use for storage output glob produces empty string skips transfer, "%s" exists locally Using --anyauth or --proxy-anyauth with upload from stdin involves a big risk of it not working. Use a temporary file or a fixed auth type instead IPFS automatic gateway detection failed --ipfs-gateway was given a malformed URL proxy support is disabled in this libcurl CURLOPT_SUPPRESS_CONNECT_HEADERS cannot mix --continue-at with --data cannot mix --continue-at with --form curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, mime%d); HTTP/0.9 is not supported in this build CURLOPT_SSH_HOST_PUBLIC_KEY_MD5 CURLOPT_SSH_HOST_PUBLIC_KEY_SHA256 Couldn't find a known_hosts file ignoring %s, not supported by libcurl with %s skipped provided cookie, the cookie header would go over %u bytes Unnecessary use of -X or --request, %s is already inferred. Setting custom HTTP method to HEAD with -X/--request may not work the way you want. Consider using -I/--head instead. CURLOPT_FTP_CREATE_MISSING_DIRS CURLOPT_FTP_ALTERNATIVE_TO_USER CURLOPT_HTTP_TRANSFER_DECODING CURLOPT_PROXY_TLSAUTH_USERNAME CURLOPT_PROXY_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD CURLOPT_HAPPY_EYEBALLS_TIMEOUT_MS CURLOPT_DISALLOW_USERNAME_IN_URL (%d) Could not parse the URL, failed to set query Bad variable name length (%zd), skipping Variable '%s' import fail, not set Bad --variable syntax, skipping: %s X@ Z;$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$LL ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/= \t\r\n\?\"\\ ?"\ >?456789:;<= !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123 ALL OPTIONS curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, %s(long)%s%s %*s %s%luUL); CURL_SSLVERSION_DEFAULT CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_NONE curl_mime *mime%d; mime%d = NULL; mime%d = curl_mime_init(hnd); curl_mime_free(mime%d); curl_mimepart *part%d; curl_mime_name(part%d, "%s"); curl_mime_type(part%d, "%s"); %3ld CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_DEFAULT CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_0 CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_1 CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_2 CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_3 CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1 CURL_SSLVERSION_SSLv2 CURL_SSLVERSION_SSLv3 CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_0 CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_1 CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2 CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_3 curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, (long)(%s | %s)); curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, (long)%s); part%d = curl_mime_addpart(mime%d); curl_mime_subparts(part%d, mime%d); curl_mime_data(part%d, "%s", CURL_ZERO_TERMINATED); curl_mime_filedata(part%d, "%s"); curl_mime_filename(part%d, NULL); curl_mime_data_cb(part%d, -1, (curl_read_callback) fread, \ (curl_seek_callback) fseek, NULL, stdin); curl_mime_filename(part%d, "%s"); curl_mime_encoder(part%d, "%s"); curl_mime_headers(part%d, slist%d, 1); DL% UL% Dled Uled Xfers Live Total Current Left Speed %-3s %-3s %s %s %5ld %5ld %s %s %s %s %5s lW\YYXXW"WMbP?Mb@CMb@ @@;L P ph ` ` 00 L @ p ` \ ` 0H P @ 0 ( p `` ` \ p 0 @ @ p `%, , / 1D @3 P Јd x 0 @ P ` pT P L P( < P d x Е 0 @, P@ `T ph | , @ P x P l ` pX P @ @ з T P P 0 , ?$# Bp# D# K$ K4$ L$ M$ O % pRP% S% T% `U,& PVx& Z& zR x & D $ 4 8P FJ w ?:*3$" \ `@ t a < BEB A(A0X (D JBBK D A J 4 |j BDA j ABD iFB 8 - A[ A K X g ( l } EAG@u AAD t$ HV H BIB E(D0C8F` 8D0A(B BBBD L \ BBB B(D0C8MC 8A0A(B BBBG 4 ` s EDG b CAJ M FAD ` O BBE D(D0[ (A BBBE (A BBBG M (A BBBD L BBB B(A0A8D\ 8A0A(B BBBD D L / BME L(G0H8FP8A0A(B BBB( O BOH rAB 0 FHA DP} AABD L x FEE E(A0A8J 8C0A(B BBBF ` D (c BBE E(D0A8GPY 8A0A(B BBBC 8A0A(B BBBE 0 4 FHA G DBBA ` J FBB E(K0A8K@ 8D0A(B BBBA | 8F0A(B BBBE l @ KBE A(D0G@Q0A(A BBBIH@{ 0D(A BBBJ |r Ey d OFF B(E0D8GP 8F0A(B BBBD 8C0A(B BBBA 4 8H 0 H t FDA DPv DABD | 0 K B K A \ FEB E(D0A8JDTDF 8C0A(B BBBA H J FBE B(D0D8J 8A0A(B BBBJ 4 ` FBD t BBD k BBI 8 BGJ S ABG , DBF 8 8 BOD I(DP\ (D ABBI 8 d BBG A(D@ (D ABBF L HP A 0 h dx FAA DPM CABA ( FDJ ABA K A ` X FBB B(A0A8GP 8A0A(B BBBF i 8C0A(B BBBA \ H FBB B(D0E8Dj 8D0A(B BBBH J\A H D FHF E(D0A8GP 8D0A(B BBBE H FBE B(A0D8Dp( 8D0A(B BBBC L @ BLE E(I0C8I 8A0A(B BBBH L BBB B(D0C8G 8A0A(B BBBD ,Z BEE E(D0A8JFTA 8D0A(B BBBE zIQBELBFOA @ t M BBB D(D0D`W 0D(A BBBD < d BBD I(G (D ABBG L 4! BEE A(C0 (D BBBC (A BBBA H H "U FBB E(A0D8G 8D0A(B BBBD l h* FGB B(A0D8I 8A0A(B BBBA KSAMWB hw dw , `w @ \w T Xw h Tw | Pw Lw Hw Dw 8 @w FBD D(G@S (F ABBK 8 x FED D(GP (F ABBH 0 D y FDD G0K FABG x Tzk FC G Z zK AI H z FBB E(D0D8Gp 8D0A(B BBBF ` ,|S BEB B(A0A8G@ 8A0A(B BBBI h 8C0A(B BBBD d (~6 4 x T~Z FDA CBA AFB ( |~ F A [ E H " < 8 4 , 0 @ , T ( h $ | 0 D X 4 l V BJD [ HPM ABB 8 c FBA D(J (D ABBE \ L FLE E(D0D8K@J 8A0A(B BBBE L8G0O(B BBB8 @ FBB A(A0(A BBB H | 0M FBB B(D0D8Jy 8D0A(B BBBD ` 4) FBB B(A0A8G@l 8A0A(B BBBE e 8A0A(B BBBA P , FBB B(A0A8G I! 8A0A(B BBBA P |+ FBB B(A0A8G I!j 8A0A(B BBBF H Xg FBE B(D0D8G 8A0A(B BBBA l |f FBB E(A0A8DHVAJOE 8D0A(B BBBF ( | FGG DBI L p FBB E(A0D8D 8A0A(B BBBE H a FBB B(A0A8G` 8A0A(B BBBA L X 4f FBB B(A0D8G 8A0A(B BBBG H T1 FBB B(D0A8N@j 8D0A(B BBBJ @ H BGD I0N AABH X FOBE L 8 FBE E(D0C8J 8A0A(B BBBG H BBB B(A0A8H` 8A0A(B BBBI 0 BGD FPe DABI \ 44 FEB B(D0A8G 8D0A(B BBBI DhI H h FBB B(D0A8G 8F0A(B BBBD L FBB B(A0A8D 8D0A(B BBBD 8 ( FJE ABG M ABH ( @ EAD@ AAE 0 l FAA D@ AABC < < FEA A(Q; (A ABBA \ BBB B(A0A8G 8A0A(B BBBH OMD @ ,R BEB B(A0A8G6 8D0A(B BBBI L AqC|EqOZADGpBwGnGrMWBMGmFL]PPOZBAMXBDGmGdBTSbDtGnDlAX]NG0VXAGnGdBmOZBMOYARO\AeOZBoOaBJOYANOZAWQXBVPXB6 M_BKaRAIYXAkDcA]OZBVdByU[GcGvAOYBNOZBMOYANOYATMWBNOZBVOYAWOZAWOZAAOYAOZBNQXBAV^BUaAOYBJNAdOZBPOYAQO\ANOZAPOZBPOYA`OZDNQXB{NZAQO\AOZA^OZBPOYA]OZDNQXBPPXBXPEAV^GcGdGdBpP\AU`GdGdGcGcGcGcGkAPFAMFIG^L\I RE HE AUYAGUZJH d r FBB B(A0A8D` 8A0A(B BBBD H $ FBB B(D0A8Gp} 8A0A(B BBBA P p d FEE B(A0D8G8 8D0A(B BBBA & EI@V DH P t' FED D(G0r (A ABBA A8N@C(D GGIE0 8 < ' FIA D(N (A ABBA 8 x ( FED D(G0@ (A ABBH L *L FBE B(D0I8J 8D0A(B BBBJ H ! -` FBB H(D0F8G 8A0A(B BBBB @ P! ,. FGG LKM A BBK AJP H ! . FJD F(G0K (A ABBF N(J ABB H ! ,/ LBE J(G0\ (A BBBI (A BBBH ," / BBB E(A0A8G` 8D0A(B BBBF p x" D3 FBB E(D0A8G 8A0A(B BBBG YEDFDGBN p ` % D @ X } % < G @ V a H o y IW @ Ս @ [ ^W ` S X S 8 S 0 TW ( YW P ]W H bW @ U gW W W W 6 W W W X @ X ;X 0 @X 0 P NX H dX kX p X h P X X X X ( P H x X P x p X h X X X @ 8 ( Y x *Y FY H YY p oY X wY P Y ( Y X Y Y Y 0 Y Y Y H Y h Y Z !Z H +Z 8Z DZ ` QZ [Z dZ nZ zZ P Z Z Z 0 Z ` Z P Z H p Z @ Z [ @ [ X *[ @ p H p @ p H 3[ H 8 @[ h O[ m[ P [ p @[ ( [ h X 8 ( X [ @[ [ h X @[ H h ( x @[ [ 8 [ p ` [ \ @[ \ 6\ 8 G\ ( P ` 8 Z\ ( x h @[ q\ @ 0 x \ h \ X \ H 8 X \ @[ H \ ` P h @[ 0 ` P @ X 8 ( x \ h H 8 x h H 8 x \ @[ ] @ ( x %] h @[ B] H p ` \ @[ Z] p p] 8 @[ ` z] ` @! ! ! 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