Source Code: lib/util.js
The node:util module supports the needs of Node.js internal APIs. Many of the\nutilities are useful for application and module developers as well. To access\nit:
node:util
const util = require('node:util');\n
Takes an async function (or a function that returns a Promise) and returns a\nfunction following the error-first callback style, i.e. taking\nan (err, value) => ... callback as the last argument. In the callback, the\nfirst argument will be the rejection reason (or null if the Promise\nresolved), and the second argument will be the resolved value.
async
Promise
(err, value) => ...
null
const util = require('node:util');\n\nasync function fn() {\n return 'hello world';\n}\nconst callbackFunction = util.callbackify(fn);\n\ncallbackFunction((err, ret) => {\n if (err) throw err;\n console.log(ret);\n});\n
Will print:
hello world\n
The callback is executed asynchronously, and will have a limited stack trace.\nIf the callback throws, the process will emit an 'uncaughtException'\nevent, and if not handled will exit.
'uncaughtException'
Since null has a special meaning as the first argument to a callback, if a\nwrapped function rejects a Promise with a falsy value as a reason, the value\nis wrapped in an Error with the original value stored in a field named\nreason.
Error
reason
function fn() {\n return Promise.reject(null);\n}\nconst callbackFunction = util.callbackify(fn);\n\ncallbackFunction((err, ret) => {\n // When the Promise was rejected with `null` it is wrapped with an Error and\n // the original value is stored in `reason`.\n err && Object.hasOwn(err, 'reason') && err.reason === null; // true\n});\n
The util.debuglog() method is used to create a function that conditionally\nwrites debug messages to stderr based on the existence of the NODE_DEBUG\nenvironment variable. If the section name appears within the value of that\nenvironment variable, then the returned function operates similar to\nconsole.error(). If not, then the returned function is a no-op.
util.debuglog()
stderr
NODE_DEBUG
section
console.error()
const util = require('node:util');\nconst debuglog = util.debuglog('foo');\n\ndebuglog('hello from foo [%d]', 123);\n
If this program is run with NODE_DEBUG=foo in the environment, then\nit will output something like:
NODE_DEBUG=foo
FOO 3245: hello from foo [123]\n
where 3245 is the process id. If it is not run with that\nenvironment variable set, then it will not print anything.
3245
The section supports wildcard also:
const util = require('node:util');\nconst debuglog = util.debuglog('foo-bar');\n\ndebuglog('hi there, it\\'s foo-bar [%d]', 2333);\n
if it is run with NODE_DEBUG=foo* in the environment, then it will output\nsomething like:
NODE_DEBUG=foo*
FOO-BAR 3257: hi there, it's foo-bar [2333]\n
Multiple comma-separated section names may be specified in the NODE_DEBUG\nenvironment variable: NODE_DEBUG=fs,net,tls.
NODE_DEBUG=fs,net,tls
The optional callback argument can be used to replace the logging function\nwith a different function that doesn't have any initialization or\nunnecessary wrapping.
callback
const util = require('node:util');\nlet debuglog = util.debuglog('internals', (debug) => {\n // Replace with a logging function that optimizes out\n // testing if the section is enabled\n debuglog = debug;\n});\n
The util.debuglog().enabled getter is used to create a test that can be used\nin conditionals based on the existence of the NODE_DEBUG environment variable.\nIf the section name appears within the value of that environment variable,\nthen the returned value will be true. If not, then the returned value will be\nfalse.
util.debuglog().enabled
true
false
const util = require('node:util');\nconst enabled = util.debuglog('foo').enabled;\nif (enabled) {\n console.log('hello from foo [%d]', 123);\n}\n
If this program is run with NODE_DEBUG=foo in the environment, then it will\noutput something like:
hello from foo [123]\n
Alias for util.debuglog. Usage allows for readability of that doesn't imply\nlogging when only using util.debuglog().enabled.
util.debuglog
The util.deprecate() method wraps fn (which may be a function or class) in\nsuch a way that it is marked as deprecated.
util.deprecate()
fn
const util = require('node:util');\n\nexports.obsoleteFunction = util.deprecate(() => {\n // Do something here.\n}, 'obsoleteFunction() is deprecated. Use newShinyFunction() instead.');\n
When called, util.deprecate() will return a function that will emit a\nDeprecationWarning using the 'warning' event. The warning will\nbe emitted and printed to stderr the first time the returned function is\ncalled. After the warning is emitted, the wrapped function is called without\nemitting a warning.
DeprecationWarning
'warning'
If the same optional code is supplied in multiple calls to util.deprecate(),\nthe warning will be emitted only once for that code.
code
const util = require('node:util');\n\nconst fn1 = util.deprecate(someFunction, someMessage, 'DEP0001');\nconst fn2 = util.deprecate(someOtherFunction, someOtherMessage, 'DEP0001');\nfn1(); // Emits a deprecation warning with code DEP0001\nfn2(); // Does not emit a deprecation warning because it has the same code\n
If either the --no-deprecation or --no-warnings command-line flags are\nused, or if the process.noDeprecation property is set to true prior to\nthe first deprecation warning, the util.deprecate() method does nothing.
--no-deprecation
--no-warnings
process.noDeprecation
If the --trace-deprecation or --trace-warnings command-line flags are set,\nor the process.traceDeprecation property is set to true, a warning and a\nstack trace are printed to stderr the first time the deprecated function is\ncalled.
--trace-deprecation
--trace-warnings
process.traceDeprecation
If the --throw-deprecation command-line flag is set, or the\nprocess.throwDeprecation property is set to true, then an exception will be\nthrown when the deprecated function is called.
--throw-deprecation
process.throwDeprecation
The --throw-deprecation command-line flag and process.throwDeprecation\nproperty take precedence over --trace-deprecation and\nprocess.traceDeprecation.
The util.format() method returns a formatted string using the first argument\nas a printf-like format string which can contain zero or more format\nspecifiers. Each specifier is replaced with the converted value from the\ncorresponding argument. Supported specifiers are:
util.format()
printf
%s
String
BigInt
Object
-0
n
toString
util.inspect()
{ depth: 0, colors: false, compact: 3 }
%d
Number
Symbol
%i
parseInt(value, 10)
%f
parseFloat(value)
%j
'[Circular]'
%o
{ showHidden: true, showProxy: true }
%O
%c
CSS
%%
'%'
If a specifier does not have a corresponding argument, it is not replaced:
util.format('%s:%s', 'foo');\n// Returns: 'foo:%s'\n
Values that are not part of the format string are formatted using\nutil.inspect() if their type is not string.
string
If there are more arguments passed to the util.format() method than the\nnumber of specifiers, the extra arguments are concatenated to the returned\nstring, separated by spaces:
util.format('%s:%s', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz');\n// Returns: 'foo:bar baz'\n
If the first argument does not contain a valid format specifier, util.format()\nreturns a string that is the concatenation of all arguments separated by spaces:
util.format(1, 2, 3);\n// Returns: '1 2 3'\n
If only one argument is passed to util.format(), it is returned as it is\nwithout any formatting:
util.format('%% %s');\n// Returns: '%% %s'\n
util.format() is a synchronous method that is intended as a debugging tool.\nSome input values can have a significant performance overhead that can block the\nevent loop. Use this function with care and never in a hot code path.
This function is identical to util.format(), except in that it takes\nan inspectOptions argument which specifies options that are passed along to\nutil.inspect().
inspectOptions
util.formatWithOptions({ colors: true }, 'See object %O', { foo: 42 });\n// Returns 'See object { foo: 42 }', where `42` is colored as a number\n// when printed to a terminal.\n
Returns the string name for a numeric error code that comes from a Node.js API.\nThe mapping between error codes and error names is platform-dependent.\nSee Common System Errors for the names of common errors.
fs.access('file/that/does/not/exist', (err) => {\n const name = util.getSystemErrorName(err.errno);\n console.error(name); // ENOENT\n});\n
Returns a Map of all system error codes available from the Node.js API.\nThe mapping between error codes and error names is platform-dependent.\nSee Common System Errors for the names of common errors.
fs.access('file/that/does/not/exist', (err) => {\n const errorMap = util.getSystemErrorMap();\n const name = errorMap.get(err.errno);\n console.error(name); // ENOENT\n});\n
Usage of util.inherits() is discouraged. Please use the ES6 class and\nextends keywords to get language level inheritance support. Also note\nthat the two styles are semantically incompatible.
util.inherits()
class
extends
Inherit the prototype methods from one constructor into another. The\nprototype of constructor will be set to a new object created from\nsuperConstructor.
constructor
superConstructor
This mainly adds some input validation on top of\nObject.setPrototypeOf(constructor.prototype, superConstructor.prototype).\nAs an additional convenience, superConstructor will be accessible\nthrough the constructor.super_ property.
Object.setPrototypeOf(constructor.prototype, superConstructor.prototype)
constructor.super_
const util = require('node:util');\nconst EventEmitter = require('node:events');\n\nfunction MyStream() {\n EventEmitter.call(this);\n}\n\nutil.inherits(MyStream, EventEmitter);\n\nMyStream.prototype.write = function(data) {\n this.emit('data', data);\n};\n\nconst stream = new MyStream();\n\nconsole.log(stream instanceof EventEmitter); // true\nconsole.log(MyStream.super_ === EventEmitter); // true\n\nstream.on('data', (data) => {\n console.log(`Received data: \"${data}\"`);\n});\nstream.write('It works!'); // Received data: \"It works!\"\n
ES6 example using class and extends:
const EventEmitter = require('node:events');\n\nclass MyStream extends EventEmitter {\n write(data) {\n this.emit('data', data);\n }\n}\n\nconst stream = new MyStream();\n\nstream.on('data', (data) => {\n console.log(`Received data: \"${data}\"`);\n});\nstream.write('With ES6');\n
The util.inspect() method returns a string representation of object that is\nintended for debugging. The output of util.inspect may change at any time\nand should not be depended upon programmatically. Additional options may be\npassed that alter the result.\nutil.inspect() will use the constructor's name and/or @@toStringTag to make\nan identifiable tag for an inspected value.
object
util.inspect
options
@@toStringTag
class Foo {\n get [Symbol.toStringTag]() {\n return 'bar';\n }\n}\n\nclass Bar {}\n\nconst baz = Object.create(null, { [Symbol.toStringTag]: { value: 'foo' } });\n\nutil.inspect(new Foo()); // 'Foo [bar] {}'\nutil.inspect(new Bar()); // 'Bar {}'\nutil.inspect(baz); // '[foo] {}'\n
Circular references point to their anchor by using a reference index:
const { inspect } = require('node:util');\n\nconst obj = {};\nobj.a = [obj];\nobj.b = {};\nobj.b.inner = obj.b;\nobj.b.obj = obj;\n\nconsole.log(inspect(obj));\n// <ref *1> {\n// a: [ [Circular *1] ],\n// b: <ref *2> { inner: [Circular *2], obj: [Circular *1] }\n// }\n
The following example inspects all properties of the util object:
util
const util = require('node:util');\n\nconsole.log(util.inspect(util, { showHidden: true, depth: null }));\n
The following example highlights the effect of the compact option:
compact
const util = require('node:util');\n\nconst o = {\n a: [1, 2, [[\n 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,\\nconsectetur adipiscing elit, sed do ' +\n 'eiusmod \\ntempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.',\n 'test',\n 'foo']], 4],\n b: new Map([['za', 1], ['zb', 'test']])\n};\nconsole.log(util.inspect(o, { compact: true, depth: 5, breakLength: 80 }));\n\n// { a:\n// [ 1,\n// 2,\n// [ [ 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,\\nconsectetur [...]', // A long line\n// 'test',\n// 'foo' ] ],\n// 4 ],\n// b: Map(2) { 'za' => 1, 'zb' => 'test' } }\n\n// Setting `compact` to false or an integer creates more reader friendly output.\nconsole.log(util.inspect(o, { compact: false, depth: 5, breakLength: 80 }));\n\n// {\n// a: [\n// 1,\n// 2,\n// [\n// [\n// 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,\\n' +\n// 'consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod \\n' +\n// 'tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.',\n// 'test',\n// 'foo'\n// ]\n// ],\n// 4\n// ],\n// b: Map(2) {\n// 'za' => 1,\n// 'zb' => 'test'\n// }\n// }\n\n// Setting `breakLength` to e.g. 150 will print the \"Lorem ipsum\" text in a\n// single line.\n
The showHidden option allows WeakMap and WeakSet entries to be\ninspected. If there are more entries than maxArrayLength, there is no\nguarantee which entries are displayed. That means retrieving the same\nWeakSet entries twice may result in different output. Furthermore, entries\nwith no remaining strong references may be garbage collected at any time.
showHidden
WeakMap
WeakSet
maxArrayLength
const { inspect } = require('node:util');\n\nconst obj = { a: 1 };\nconst obj2 = { b: 2 };\nconst weakSet = new WeakSet([obj, obj2]);\n\nconsole.log(inspect(weakSet, { showHidden: true }));\n// WeakSet { { a: 1 }, { b: 2 } }\n
The sorted option ensures that an object's property insertion order does not\nimpact the result of util.inspect().
sorted
const { inspect } = require('node:util');\nconst assert = require('node:assert');\n\nconst o1 = {\n b: [2, 3, 1],\n a: '`a` comes before `b`',\n c: new Set([2, 3, 1])\n};\nconsole.log(inspect(o1, { sorted: true }));\n// { a: '`a` comes before `b`', b: [ 2, 3, 1 ], c: Set(3) { 1, 2, 3 } }\nconsole.log(inspect(o1, { sorted: (a, b) => b.localeCompare(a) }));\n// { c: Set(3) { 3, 2, 1 }, b: [ 2, 3, 1 ], a: '`a` comes before `b`' }\n\nconst o2 = {\n c: new Set([2, 1, 3]),\n a: '`a` comes before `b`',\n b: [2, 3, 1]\n};\nassert.strict.equal(\n inspect(o1, { sorted: true }),\n inspect(o2, { sorted: true })\n);\n
The numericSeparator option adds an underscore every three digits to all\nnumbers.
numericSeparator
const { inspect } = require('node:util');\n\nconst thousand = 1_000;\nconst million = 1_000_000;\nconst bigNumber = 123_456_789n;\nconst bigDecimal = 1_234.123_45;\n\nconsole.log(thousand, million, bigNumber, bigDecimal);\n// 1_000 1_000_000 123_456_789n 1_234.123_45\n
util.inspect() is a synchronous method intended for debugging. Its maximum\noutput length is approximately 128 MiB. Inputs that result in longer output will\nbe truncated.
Color output (if enabled) of util.inspect is customizable globally\nvia the util.inspect.styles and util.inspect.colors properties.
util.inspect.styles
util.inspect.colors
util.inspect.styles is a map associating a style name to a color from\nutil.inspect.colors.
The default styles and associated colors are:
bigint
yellow
boolean
date
magenta
module
underline
name
bold
number
regexp
red
special
cyan
Proxies
green
symbol
undefined
grey
Color styling uses ANSI control codes that may not be supported on all\nterminals. To verify color support use tty.hasColors().
tty.hasColors()
Predefined control codes are listed below (grouped as \"Modifiers\", \"Foreground\ncolors\", and \"Background colors\").
Modifier support varies throughout different terminals. They will mostly be\nignored, if not supported.
reset
strikeThrough
crossedout
crossedOut
hidden
faint
swapcolors
swapColors
doubleUnderline
black
blue
white
gray
blackBright
redBright
greenBright
yellowBright
blueBright
magentaBright
cyanBright
whiteBright
bgBlack
bgRed
bgGreen
bgYellow
bgBlue
bgMagenta
bgCyan
bgWhite
bgGray
bgGrey
bgBlackBright
bgRedBright
bgGreenBright
bgYellowBright
bgBlueBright
bgMagentaBright
bgCyanBright
bgWhiteBright
Objects may also define their own\n[util.inspect.custom](depth, opts, inspect) function,\nwhich util.inspect() will invoke and use the result of when inspecting\nthe object.
[util.inspect.custom](depth, opts, inspect)
const util = require('node:util');\n\nclass Box {\n constructor(value) {\n this.value = value;\n }\n\n [util.inspect.custom](depth, options, inspect) {\n if (depth < 0) {\n return options.stylize('[Box]', 'special');\n }\n\n const newOptions = Object.assign({}, options, {\n depth: options.depth === null ? null : options.depth - 1\n });\n\n // Five space padding because that's the size of \"Box< \".\n const padding = ' '.repeat(5);\n const inner = inspect(this.value, newOptions)\n .replace(/\\n/g, `\\n${padding}`);\n return `${options.stylize('Box', 'special')}< ${inner} >`;\n }\n}\n\nconst box = new Box(true);\n\nutil.inspect(box);\n// Returns: \"Box< true >\"\n
Custom [util.inspect.custom](depth, opts, inspect) functions typically return\na string but may return a value of any type that will be formatted accordingly\nby util.inspect().
const util = require('node:util');\n\nconst obj = { foo: 'this will not show up in the inspect() output' };\nobj[util.inspect.custom] = (depth) => {\n return { bar: 'baz' };\n};\n\nutil.inspect(obj);\n// Returns: \"{ bar: 'baz' }\"\n
In addition to being accessible through util.inspect.custom, this\nsymbol is registered globally and can be\naccessed in any environment as Symbol.for('nodejs.util.inspect.custom').
util.inspect.custom
Symbol.for('nodejs.util.inspect.custom')
Using this allows code to be written in a portable fashion, so that the custom\ninspect function is used in an Node.js environment and ignored in the browser.\nThe util.inspect() function itself is passed as third argument to the custom\ninspect function to allow further portability.
const customInspectSymbol = Symbol.for('nodejs.util.inspect.custom');\n\nclass Password {\n constructor(value) {\n this.value = value;\n }\n\n toString() {\n return 'xxxxxxxx';\n }\n\n [customInspectSymbol](depth, inspectOptions, inspect) {\n return `Password <${this.toString()}>`;\n }\n}\n\nconst password = new Password('r0sebud');\nconsole.log(password);\n// Prints Password <xxxxxxxx>\n
See Custom inspection functions on Objects for more details.
The defaultOptions value allows customization of the default options used by\nutil.inspect. This is useful for functions like console.log or\nutil.format which implicitly call into util.inspect. It shall be set to an\nobject containing one or more valid util.inspect() options. Setting\noption properties directly is also supported.
defaultOptions
console.log
util.format
const util = require('node:util');\nconst arr = Array(101).fill(0);\n\nconsole.log(arr); // Logs the truncated array\nutil.inspect.defaultOptions.maxArrayLength = null;\nconsole.log(arr); // logs the full array\n
Returns true if there is deep strict equality between val1 and val2.\nOtherwise, returns false.
val1
val2
See assert.deepStrictEqual() for more information about deep strict\nequality.
assert.deepStrictEqual()
Provides a higher level API for command-line argument parsing than interacting\nwith process.argv directly. Takes a specification for the expected arguments\nand returns a structured object with the parsed options and positionals.
process.argv
import { parseArgs } from 'node:util';\nconst args = ['-f', '--bar', 'b'];\nconst options = {\n foo: {\n type: 'boolean',\n short: 'f'\n },\n bar: {\n type: 'string'\n }\n};\nconst {\n values,\n positionals\n} = parseArgs({ args, options });\nconsole.log(values, positionals);\n// Prints: [Object: null prototype] { foo: true, bar: 'b' } []\n
const { parseArgs } = require('node:util');\nconst args = ['-f', '--bar', 'b'];\nconst options = {\n foo: {\n type: 'boolean',\n short: 'f'\n },\n bar: {\n type: 'string'\n }\n};\nconst {\n values,\n positionals\n} = parseArgs({ args, options });\nconsole.log(values, positionals);\n// Prints: [Object: null prototype] { foo: true, bar: 'b' } []\n
util.parseArgs is experimental and behavior may change. Join the\nconversation in pkgjs/parseargs to contribute to the design.
util.parseArgs
Detailed parse information is available for adding custom behaviours by\nspecifying tokens: true in the configuration.\nThe returned tokens have properties describing:
tokens: true
kind
index
args
args[token.index]
rawName
-f
--foo
value
inlineValue
--foo=bar
args[index]
The returned tokens are in the order encountered in the input args. Options\nthat appear more than once in args produce a token for each use. Short option\ngroups like -xy expand to a token for each option. So -xxx produces\nthree tokens.
-xy
-xxx
For example to use the returned tokens to add support for a negated option\nlike --no-color, the tokens can be reprocessed to change the value stored\nfor the negated option.
--no-color
import { parseArgs } from 'node:util';\n\nconst options = {\n 'color': { type: 'boolean' },\n 'no-color': { type: 'boolean' },\n 'logfile': { type: 'string' },\n 'no-logfile': { type: 'boolean' },\n};\nconst { values, tokens } = parseArgs({ options, tokens: true });\n\n// Reprocess the option tokens and overwrite the returned values.\ntokens\n .filter((token) => token.kind === 'option')\n .forEach((token) => {\n if (token.name.startsWith('no-')) {\n // Store foo:false for --no-foo\n const positiveName = token.name.slice(3);\n values[positiveName] = false;\n delete values[token.name];\n } else {\n // Resave value so last one wins if both --foo and --no-foo.\n values[token.name] = token.value ?? true;\n }\n });\n\nconst color = values.color;\nconst logfile = values.logfile ?? 'default.log';\n\nconsole.log({ logfile, color });\n
const { parseArgs } = require('node:util');\n\nconst options = {\n 'color': { type: 'boolean' },\n 'no-color': { type: 'boolean' },\n 'logfile': { type: 'string' },\n 'no-logfile': { type: 'boolean' },\n};\nconst { values, tokens } = parseArgs({ options, tokens: true });\n\n// Reprocess the option tokens and overwrite the returned values.\ntokens\n .filter((token) => token.kind === 'option')\n .forEach((token) => {\n if (token.name.startsWith('no-')) {\n // Store foo:false for --no-foo\n const positiveName = token.name.slice(3);\n values[positiveName] = false;\n delete values[token.name];\n } else {\n // Resave value so last one wins if both --foo and --no-foo.\n values[token.name] = token.value ?? true;\n }\n });\n\nconst color = values.color;\nconst logfile = values.logfile ?? 'default.log';\n\nconsole.log({ logfile, color });\n
Example usage showing negated options, and when an option is used\nmultiple ways then last one wins.
$ node negate.js\n{ logfile: 'default.log', color: undefined }\n$ node negate.js --no-logfile --no-color\n{ logfile: false, color: false }\n$ node negate.js --logfile=test.log --color\n{ logfile: 'test.log', color: true }\n$ node negate.js --no-logfile --logfile=test.log --color --no-color\n{ logfile: 'test.log', color: false }\n
Takes a function following the common error-first callback style, i.e. taking\nan (err, value) => ... callback as the last argument, and returns a version\nthat returns promises.
const util = require('node:util');\nconst fs = require('node:fs');\n\nconst stat = util.promisify(fs.stat);\nstat('.').then((stats) => {\n // Do something with `stats`\n}).catch((error) => {\n // Handle the error.\n});\n
Or, equivalently using async functions:
async function
const util = require('node:util');\nconst fs = require('node:fs');\n\nconst stat = util.promisify(fs.stat);\n\nasync function callStat() {\n const stats = await stat('.');\n console.log(`This directory is owned by ${stats.uid}`);\n}\n
If there is an original[util.promisify.custom] property present, promisify\nwill return its value, see Custom promisified functions.
original[util.promisify.custom]
promisify
promisify() assumes that original is a function taking a callback as its\nfinal argument in all cases. If original is not a function, promisify()\nwill throw an error. If original is a function but its last argument is not\nan error-first callback, it will still be passed an error-first\ncallback as its last argument.
promisify()
original
Using promisify() on class methods or other methods that use this may not\nwork as expected unless handled specially:
this
const util = require('node:util');\n\nclass Foo {\n constructor() {\n this.a = 42;\n }\n\n bar(callback) {\n callback(null, this.a);\n }\n}\n\nconst foo = new Foo();\n\nconst naiveBar = util.promisify(foo.bar);\n// TypeError: Cannot read property 'a' of undefined\n// naiveBar().then(a => console.log(a));\n\nnaiveBar.call(foo).then((a) => console.log(a)); // '42'\n\nconst bindBar = naiveBar.bind(foo);\nbindBar().then((a) => console.log(a)); // '42'\n
Using the util.promisify.custom symbol one can override the return value of\nutil.promisify():
util.promisify.custom
util.promisify()
const util = require('node:util');\n\nfunction doSomething(foo, callback) {\n // ...\n}\n\ndoSomething[util.promisify.custom] = (foo) => {\n return getPromiseSomehow();\n};\n\nconst promisified = util.promisify(doSomething);\nconsole.log(promisified === doSomething[util.promisify.custom]);\n// prints 'true'\n
This can be useful for cases where the original function does not follow the\nstandard format of taking an error-first callback as the last argument.
For example, with a function that takes in\n(foo, onSuccessCallback, onErrorCallback):
(foo, onSuccessCallback, onErrorCallback)
doSomething[util.promisify.custom] = (foo) => {\n return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n doSomething(foo, resolve, reject);\n });\n};\n
If promisify.custom is defined but is not a function, promisify() will\nthrow an error.
promisify.custom
In addition to being accessible through util.promisify.custom, this\nsymbol is registered globally and can be\naccessed in any environment as Symbol.for('nodejs.util.promisify.custom').
Symbol.for('nodejs.util.promisify.custom')
const kCustomPromisifiedSymbol = Symbol.for('nodejs.util.promisify.custom');\n\ndoSomething[kCustomPromisifiedSymbol] = (foo) => {\n return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n doSomething(foo, resolve, reject);\n });\n};\n
Returns str with any ANSI escape codes removed.
str
console.log(util.stripVTControlCharacters('\\u001B[4mvalue\\u001B[0m'));\n// Prints \"value\"\n
Returns the string after replacing any surrogate code points\n(or equivalently, any unpaired surrogate code units) with the\nUnicode \"replacement character\" U+FFFD.
An implementation of the WHATWG Encoding Standard TextDecoder API.
TextDecoder
const decoder = new TextDecoder();\nconst u8arr = new Uint8Array([72, 101, 108, 108, 111]);\nconsole.log(decoder.decode(u8arr)); // Hello\n
Per the WHATWG Encoding Standard, the encodings supported by the\nTextDecoder API are outlined in the tables below. For each encoding,\none or more aliases may be used.
Different Node.js build configurations support different sets of encodings.\n(see Internationalization)
'ibm866'
'866'
'cp866'
'csibm866'
'iso-8859-2'
'csisolatin2'
'iso-ir-101'
'iso8859-2'
'iso88592'
'iso_8859-2'
'iso_8859-2:1987'
'l2'
'latin2'
'iso-8859-3'
'csisolatin3'
'iso-ir-109'
'iso8859-3'
'iso88593'
'iso_8859-3'
'iso_8859-3:1988'
'l3'
'latin3'
'iso-8859-4'
'csisolatin4'
'iso-ir-110'
'iso8859-4'
'iso88594'
'iso_8859-4'
'iso_8859-4:1988'
'l4'
'latin4'
'iso-8859-5'
'csisolatincyrillic'
'cyrillic'
'iso-ir-144'
'iso8859-5'
'iso88595'
'iso_8859-5'
'iso_8859-5:1988'
'iso-8859-6'
'arabic'
'asmo-708'
'csiso88596e'
'csiso88596i'
'csisolatinarabic'
'ecma-114'
'iso-8859-6-e'
'iso-8859-6-i'
'iso-ir-127'
'iso8859-6'
'iso88596'
'iso_8859-6'
'iso_8859-6:1987'
'iso-8859-7'
'csisolatingreek'
'ecma-118'
'elot_928'
'greek'
'greek8'
'iso-ir-126'
'iso8859-7'
'iso88597'
'iso_8859-7'
'iso_8859-7:1987'
'sun_eu_greek'
'iso-8859-8'
'csiso88598e'
'csisolatinhebrew'
'hebrew'
'iso-8859-8-e'
'iso-ir-138'
'iso8859-8'
'iso88598'
'iso_8859-8'
'iso_8859-8:1988'
'visual'
'iso-8859-8-i'
'csiso88598i'
'logical'
'iso-8859-10'
'csisolatin6'
'iso-ir-157'
'iso8859-10'
'iso885910'
'l6'
'latin6'
'iso-8859-13'
'iso8859-13'
'iso885913'
'iso-8859-14'
'iso8859-14'
'iso885914'
'iso-8859-15'
'csisolatin9'
'iso8859-15'
'iso885915'
'iso_8859-15'
'l9'
'koi8-r'
'cskoi8r'
'koi'
'koi8'
'koi8_r'
'koi8-u'
'koi8-ru'
'macintosh'
'csmacintosh'
'mac'
'x-mac-roman'
'windows-874'
'dos-874'
'iso-8859-11'
'iso8859-11'
'iso885911'
'tis-620'
'windows-1250'
'cp1250'
'x-cp1250'
'windows-1251'
'cp1251'
'x-cp1251'
'windows-1252'
'ansi_x3.4-1968'
'ascii'
'cp1252'
'cp819'
'csisolatin1'
'ibm819'
'iso-8859-1'
'iso-ir-100'
'iso8859-1'
'iso88591'
'iso_8859-1'
'iso_8859-1:1987'
'l1'
'latin1'
'us-ascii'
'x-cp1252'
'windows-1253'
'cp1253'
'x-cp1253'
'windows-1254'
'cp1254'
'csisolatin5'
'iso-8859-9'
'iso-ir-148'
'iso8859-9'
'iso88599'
'iso_8859-9'
'iso_8859-9:1989'
'l5'
'latin5'
'x-cp1254'
'windows-1255'
'cp1255'
'x-cp1255'
'windows-1256'
'cp1256'
'x-cp1256'
'windows-1257'
'cp1257'
'x-cp1257'
'windows-1258'
'cp1258'
'x-cp1258'
'x-mac-cyrillic'
'x-mac-ukrainian'
'gbk'
'chinese'
'csgb2312'
'csiso58gb231280'
'gb2312'
'gb_2312'
'gb_2312-80'
'iso-ir-58'
'x-gbk'
'gb18030'
'big5'
'big5-hkscs'
'cn-big5'
'csbig5'
'x-x-big5'
'euc-jp'
'cseucpkdfmtjapanese'
'x-euc-jp'
'iso-2022-jp'
'csiso2022jp'
'shift_jis'
'csshiftjis'
'ms932'
'ms_kanji'
'shift-jis'
'sjis'
'windows-31j'
'x-sjis'
'euc-kr'
'cseuckr'
'csksc56011987'
'iso-ir-149'
'korean'
'ks_c_5601-1987'
'ks_c_5601-1989'
'ksc5601'
'ksc_5601'
'windows-949'
'utf-8'
'unicode-1-1-utf-8'
'utf8'
'utf-16le'
'utf-16'
'utf-16be'
The 'iso-8859-16' encoding listed in the WHATWG Encoding Standard\nis not supported.
'iso-8859-16'
Decodes the input and returns a string. If options.stream is true, any\nincomplete byte sequences occurring at the end of the input are buffered\ninternally and emitted after the next call to textDecoder.decode().
input
options.stream
textDecoder.decode()
If textDecoder.fatal is true, decoding errors that occur will result in a\nTypeError being thrown.
textDecoder.fatal
TypeError
The encoding supported by the TextDecoder instance.
The value will be true if decoding errors result in a TypeError being\nthrown.
The value will be true if the decoding result will include the byte order\nmark.
Creates a new TextDecoder instance. The encoding may specify one of the\nsupported encodings or an alias.
encoding
The TextDecoder class is also available on the global object.
An implementation of the WHATWG Encoding Standard TextEncoder API. All\ninstances of TextEncoder only support UTF-8 encoding.
TextEncoder
const encoder = new TextEncoder();\nconst uint8array = encoder.encode('this is some data');\n
The TextEncoder class is also available on the global object.
UTF-8 encodes the input string and returns a Uint8Array containing the\nencoded bytes.
Uint8Array
UTF-8 encodes the src string to the dest Uint8Array and returns an object\ncontaining the read Unicode code units and written UTF-8 bytes.
src
dest
const encoder = new TextEncoder();\nconst src = 'this is some data';\nconst dest = new Uint8Array(10);\nconst { read, written } = encoder.encodeInto(src, dest);\n
The encoding supported by the TextEncoder instance. Always set to 'utf-8'.
util.types provides type checks for different kinds of built-in objects.\nUnlike instanceof or Object.prototype.toString.call(value), these checks do\nnot inspect properties of the object that are accessible from JavaScript (like\ntheir prototype), and usually have the overhead of calling into C++.
util.types
instanceof
Object.prototype.toString.call(value)
The result generally does not make any guarantees about what kinds of\nproperties or behavior a value exposes in JavaScript. They are primarily\nuseful for addon developers who prefer to do type checking in JavaScript.
The API is accessible via require('node:util').types or require('node:util/types').
require('node:util').types
require('node:util/types')
Returns true if the value is a built-in ArrayBuffer or\nSharedArrayBuffer instance.
ArrayBuffer
SharedArrayBuffer
See also util.types.isArrayBuffer() and\nutil.types.isSharedArrayBuffer().
util.types.isArrayBuffer()
util.types.isSharedArrayBuffer()
util.types.isAnyArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isAnyArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is an instance of one of the ArrayBuffer\nviews, such as typed array objects or DataView. Equivalent to\nArrayBuffer.isView().
DataView
ArrayBuffer.isView()
util.types.isArrayBufferView(new Int8Array()); // true\nutil.types.isArrayBufferView(Buffer.from('hello world')); // true\nutil.types.isArrayBufferView(new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(16))); // true\nutil.types.isArrayBufferView(new ArrayBuffer()); // false\n
Returns true if the value is an arguments object.
arguments
function foo() {\n util.types.isArgumentsObject(arguments); // Returns true\n}\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in ArrayBuffer instance.\nThis does not include SharedArrayBuffer instances. Usually, it is\ndesirable to test for both; See util.types.isAnyArrayBuffer() for that.
util.types.isAnyArrayBuffer()
util.types.isArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\n
Returns true if the value is an async function.\nThis only reports back what the JavaScript engine is seeing;\nin particular, the return value may not match the original source code if\na transpilation tool was used.
util.types.isAsyncFunction(function foo() {}); // Returns false\nutil.types.isAsyncFunction(async function foo() {}); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a BigInt64Array instance.
BigInt64Array
util.types.isBigInt64Array(new BigInt64Array()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isBigInt64Array(new BigUint64Array()); // Returns false\n
Returns true if the value is a BigUint64Array instance.
BigUint64Array
util.types.isBigUint64Array(new BigInt64Array()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isBigUint64Array(new BigUint64Array()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a boolean object, e.g. created\nby new Boolean().
new Boolean()
util.types.isBooleanObject(false); // Returns false\nutil.types.isBooleanObject(true); // Returns false\nutil.types.isBooleanObject(new Boolean(false)); // Returns true\nutil.types.isBooleanObject(new Boolean(true)); // Returns true\nutil.types.isBooleanObject(Boolean(false)); // Returns false\nutil.types.isBooleanObject(Boolean(true)); // Returns false\n
Returns true if the value is any boxed primitive object, e.g. created\nby new Boolean(), new String() or Object(Symbol()).
new String()
Object(Symbol())
For example:
util.types.isBoxedPrimitive(false); // Returns false\nutil.types.isBoxedPrimitive(new Boolean(false)); // Returns true\nutil.types.isBoxedPrimitive(Symbol('foo')); // Returns false\nutil.types.isBoxedPrimitive(Object(Symbol('foo'))); // Returns true\nutil.types.isBoxedPrimitive(Object(BigInt(5))); // Returns true\n
Returns true if value is a <CryptoKey>, false otherwise.
Returns true if the value is a built-in DataView instance.
const ab = new ArrayBuffer(20);\nutil.types.isDataView(new DataView(ab)); // Returns true\nutil.types.isDataView(new Float64Array()); // Returns false\n
See also ArrayBuffer.isView().
Returns true if the value is a built-in Date instance.
Date
util.types.isDate(new Date()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a native External value.
External
A native External value is a special type of object that contains a\nraw C++ pointer (void*) for access from native code, and has no other\nproperties. Such objects are created either by Node.js internals or native\naddons. In JavaScript, they are frozen objects with a\nnull prototype.
void*
#include <js_native_api.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\nnapi_value result;\nstatic napi_value MyNapi(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {\n int* raw = (int*) malloc(1024);\n napi_status status = napi_create_external(env, (void*) raw, NULL, NULL, &result);\n if (status != napi_ok) {\n napi_throw_error(env, NULL, \"napi_create_external failed\");\n return NULL;\n }\n return result;\n}\n...\nDECLARE_NAPI_PROPERTY(\"myNapi\", MyNapi)\n...\n
const native = require('napi_addon.node');\nconst data = native.myNapi();\nutil.types.isExternal(data); // returns true\nutil.types.isExternal(0); // returns false\nutil.types.isExternal(new String('foo')); // returns false\n
For further information on napi_create_external, refer to\nnapi_create_external().
napi_create_external
napi_create_external()
Returns true if the value is a built-in Float32Array instance.
Float32Array
util.types.isFloat32Array(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isFloat32Array(new Float32Array()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isFloat32Array(new Float64Array()); // Returns false\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in Float64Array instance.
Float64Array
util.types.isFloat64Array(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isFloat64Array(new Uint8Array()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isFloat64Array(new Float64Array()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a generator function.\nThis only reports back what the JavaScript engine is seeing;\nin particular, the return value may not match the original source code if\na transpilation tool was used.
util.types.isGeneratorFunction(function foo() {}); // Returns false\nutil.types.isGeneratorFunction(function* foo() {}); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a generator object as returned from a\nbuilt-in generator function.\nThis only reports back what the JavaScript engine is seeing;\nin particular, the return value may not match the original source code if\na transpilation tool was used.
function* foo() {}\nconst generator = foo();\nutil.types.isGeneratorObject(generator); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in Int8Array instance.
Int8Array
util.types.isInt8Array(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isInt8Array(new Int8Array()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isInt8Array(new Float64Array()); // Returns false\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in Int16Array instance.
Int16Array
util.types.isInt16Array(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isInt16Array(new Int16Array()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isInt16Array(new Float64Array()); // Returns false\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in Int32Array instance.
Int32Array
util.types.isInt32Array(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isInt32Array(new Int32Array()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isInt32Array(new Float64Array()); // Returns false\n
Returns true if value is a <KeyObject>, false otherwise.
Returns true if the value is a built-in Map instance.
Map
util.types.isMap(new Map()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is an iterator returned for a built-in\nMap instance.
const map = new Map();\nutil.types.isMapIterator(map.keys()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isMapIterator(map.values()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isMapIterator(map.entries()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isMapIterator(map[Symbol.iterator]()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is an instance of a Module Namespace Object.
import * as ns from './a.js';\n\nutil.types.isModuleNamespaceObject(ns); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is an instance of a built-in Error type.
util.types.isNativeError(new Error()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isNativeError(new TypeError()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isNativeError(new RangeError()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a number object, e.g. created\nby new Number().
new Number()
util.types.isNumberObject(0); // Returns false\nutil.types.isNumberObject(new Number(0)); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in Promise.
util.types.isPromise(Promise.resolve(42)); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a Proxy instance.
Proxy
const target = {};\nconst proxy = new Proxy(target, {});\nutil.types.isProxy(target); // Returns false\nutil.types.isProxy(proxy); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a regular expression object.
util.types.isRegExp(/abc/); // Returns true\nutil.types.isRegExp(new RegExp('abc')); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in Set instance.
Set
util.types.isSet(new Set()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is an iterator returned for a built-in\nSet instance.
const set = new Set();\nutil.types.isSetIterator(set.keys()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isSetIterator(set.values()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isSetIterator(set.entries()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isSetIterator(set[Symbol.iterator]()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in SharedArrayBuffer instance.\nThis does not include ArrayBuffer instances. Usually, it is\ndesirable to test for both; See util.types.isAnyArrayBuffer() for that.
util.types.isSharedArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isSharedArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a string object, e.g. created\nby new String().
util.types.isStringObject('foo'); // Returns false\nutil.types.isStringObject(new String('foo')); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a symbol object, created\nby calling Object() on a Symbol primitive.
Object()
const symbol = Symbol('foo');\nutil.types.isSymbolObject(symbol); // Returns false\nutil.types.isSymbolObject(Object(symbol)); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in TypedArray instance.
TypedArray
util.types.isTypedArray(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isTypedArray(new Uint8Array()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isTypedArray(new Float64Array()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in Uint8Array instance.
util.types.isUint8Array(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isUint8Array(new Uint8Array()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isUint8Array(new Float64Array()); // Returns false\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in Uint8ClampedArray instance.
Uint8ClampedArray
util.types.isUint8ClampedArray(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isUint8ClampedArray(new Uint8ClampedArray()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isUint8ClampedArray(new Float64Array()); // Returns false\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in Uint16Array instance.
Uint16Array
util.types.isUint16Array(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isUint16Array(new Uint16Array()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isUint16Array(new Float64Array()); // Returns false\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in Uint32Array instance.
Uint32Array
util.types.isUint32Array(new ArrayBuffer()); // Returns false\nutil.types.isUint32Array(new Uint32Array()); // Returns true\nutil.types.isUint32Array(new Float64Array()); // Returns false\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in WeakMap instance.
util.types.isWeakMap(new WeakMap()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in WeakSet instance.
util.types.isWeakSet(new WeakSet()); // Returns true\n
Returns true if the value is a built-in WebAssembly.Module instance.
WebAssembly.Module
const module = new WebAssembly.Module(wasmBuffer);\nutil.types.isWebAssemblyCompiledModule(module); // Returns true\n
The following APIs are deprecated and should no longer be used. Existing\napplications and modules should be updated to find alternative approaches.
The util._extend() method was never intended to be used outside of internal\nNode.js modules. The community found and used it anyway.
util._extend()
It is deprecated and should not be used in new code. JavaScript comes with very\nsimilar built-in functionality through Object.assign().
Object.assign()
Alias for Array.isArray().
Array.isArray()
Returns true if the given object is an Array. Otherwise, returns false.
Array
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isArray([]);\n// Returns: true\nutil.isArray(new Array());\n// Returns: true\nutil.isArray({});\n// Returns: false\n
Returns true if the given object is a Boolean. Otherwise, returns false.
Boolean
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isBoolean(1);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isBoolean(0);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isBoolean(false);\n// Returns: true\n
Returns true if the given object is a Buffer. Otherwise, returns false.
Buffer
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isBuffer({ length: 0 });\n// Returns: false\nutil.isBuffer([]);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isBuffer(Buffer.from('hello world'));\n// Returns: true\n
Returns true if the given object is a Date. Otherwise, returns false.
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isDate(new Date());\n// Returns: true\nutil.isDate(Date());\n// false (without 'new' returns a String)\nutil.isDate({});\n// Returns: false\n
Returns true if the given object is an Error. Otherwise, returns\nfalse.
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isError(new Error());\n// Returns: true\nutil.isError(new TypeError());\n// Returns: true\nutil.isError({ name: 'Error', message: 'an error occurred' });\n// Returns: false\n
This method relies on Object.prototype.toString() behavior. It is\npossible to obtain an incorrect result when the object argument manipulates\n@@toStringTag.
Object.prototype.toString()
const util = require('node:util');\nconst obj = { name: 'Error', message: 'an error occurred' };\n\nutil.isError(obj);\n// Returns: false\nobj[Symbol.toStringTag] = 'Error';\nutil.isError(obj);\n// Returns: true\n
Returns true if the given object is a Function. Otherwise, returns\nfalse.
Function
const util = require('node:util');\n\nfunction Foo() {}\nconst Bar = () => {};\n\nutil.isFunction({});\n// Returns: false\nutil.isFunction(Foo);\n// Returns: true\nutil.isFunction(Bar);\n// Returns: true\n
Returns true if the given object is strictly null. Otherwise, returns\nfalse.
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isNull(0);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isNull(undefined);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isNull(null);\n// Returns: true\n
Returns true if the given object is null or undefined. Otherwise,\nreturns false.
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isNullOrUndefined(0);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isNullOrUndefined(undefined);\n// Returns: true\nutil.isNullOrUndefined(null);\n// Returns: true\n
Returns true if the given object is a Number. Otherwise, returns false.
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isNumber(false);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isNumber(Infinity);\n// Returns: true\nutil.isNumber(0);\n// Returns: true\nutil.isNumber(NaN);\n// Returns: true\n
Returns true if the given object is strictly an Object and not a\nFunction (even though functions are objects in JavaScript).\nOtherwise, returns false.
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isObject(5);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isObject(null);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isObject({});\n// Returns: true\nutil.isObject(() => {});\n// Returns: false\n
Returns true if the given object is a primitive type. Otherwise, returns\nfalse.
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isPrimitive(5);\n// Returns: true\nutil.isPrimitive('foo');\n// Returns: true\nutil.isPrimitive(false);\n// Returns: true\nutil.isPrimitive(null);\n// Returns: true\nutil.isPrimitive(undefined);\n// Returns: true\nutil.isPrimitive({});\n// Returns: false\nutil.isPrimitive(() => {});\n// Returns: false\nutil.isPrimitive(/^$/);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isPrimitive(new Date());\n// Returns: false\n
Returns true if the given object is a RegExp. Otherwise, returns false.
RegExp
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isRegExp(/some regexp/);\n// Returns: true\nutil.isRegExp(new RegExp('another regexp'));\n// Returns: true\nutil.isRegExp({});\n// Returns: false\n
Returns true if the given object is a string. Otherwise, returns false.
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isString('');\n// Returns: true\nutil.isString('foo');\n// Returns: true\nutil.isString(String('foo'));\n// Returns: true\nutil.isString(5);\n// Returns: false\n
Returns true if the given object is a Symbol. Otherwise, returns false.
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.isSymbol(5);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isSymbol('foo');\n// Returns: false\nutil.isSymbol(Symbol('foo'));\n// Returns: true\n
Returns true if the given object is undefined. Otherwise, returns false.
const util = require('node:util');\n\nconst foo = undefined;\nutil.isUndefined(5);\n// Returns: false\nutil.isUndefined(foo);\n// Returns: true\nutil.isUndefined(null);\n// Returns: false\n
The util.log() method prints the given string to stdout with an included\ntimestamp.
util.log()
stdout
const util = require('node:util');\n\nutil.log('Timestamped message.');\n